George  Washington  Flowers 
Memorial  Collection 

DUKE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 


ESTABLISHED  BY  THE 
FAMILY  OF 

COLONEL  FLOWERS 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2016 


https://archive.org/details/floridarailwayna01flor 


THE 


FLORIDA  - --V 

\ 


RAILWAY  AND  NAVIGATION  COMPANY. 


COMPRISING  ■" 


THE  GULF  COAST  ROUTE. 
From  the  Sea  to  the  Gulf. 
(CENTRAL  DIVISION). 

THE  GOLDEN  FRUIT  ROUTE. 
Through  the  Lake  Region  and  the  Orange  Belt. 
(SOUTHERN  DIVISION). 


THE  TALLAHASSEE  ROUTE. 
Through  the  Uplands  of  Florida. 
(WESTERN  DIVISION). 


ISSUED  BY  THE 

* PASSENGER  DEPARTMENT  * 

OF  THE 

FLORIDA  * RAILWAY  * AND  * NAVIGATION  * COMPANY. 


Illustrated  and  Printed  for  the 


->!£-  FLORIDA 

RAILWAY  AND  NAVI  RATION  COMPANY. 


THE  * SOUTH  * PUBLISHING  * COMPANY, 

No.  85  Warren  Street,  New  York. 


ORGANIZATION 


3 8'5.0‘N 


OFFICERS: 


BENJ.  S.  HENNING,  President, 

(35  Wall  Street — Mills  Building.) 

C.  I).  WILLARD,  Vice-President,  .... 

(35  Wall  Street — Mills  Building.) 
L.  M.  LAWSON,  Treasurer,  ...... 

(102  Broadway.) 

D.  E.  MAXWELL,  General  Super  in  ten  den  t , 

A.  O.  MacDONELL,  General  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agent, 

F.  B.  PAPY,  General  Freight  Agent,  .... 
THOS.  W.  ROBY,  Auditor,  ...  ... 

JOHN  HEDGES,  Cashier, 

W.  NAYLOR  THOMPSON,  Paymaster, 

R.  Y.  DAHONEY,  Master  of  Machinery, 

C.  W.  MAXWELL,  Master  of  Transportation , 

C.  H.  MARTIN,  Master  of  Roadway,  (Cent,  and  So.  Div.) 

B.  M.  B U R R 0 U G II S , Master  of  Roadway,  y West.  Div.) 

JNO.  A.  HENDERSON,  Attorney, 

WALTER  G.  COLEMAN,  General  Traveling  Agent., 

(Cor.  Bay  and  Hogan  Streets.) 


New  \tork. 

New  York 

New  York. 

Febnandina,  Fla. 
Febnandina,  Fla. 
Febnandina,-  Fla. 
Jacksonville,  Fla. 
Febnandina,  Fla. 
Feenandina,  Fla. 
Febnandina,  Fla. 
Jacksonville,  Fla. 
Febnandina,  Fla. 
Tallahassee,  Fla. 
Tallahassee,  Fla. 
Jacksonville,  Fla. 


DIRECTORS: 

B.  S.  Henning, 

W.  Bayard  Cutting, 

H.  L.  Horton, 

E.  N.  Dickerson, 

D.  L.  Yulee, 

C.  J.  Peck, 

C.  R.  Cummings, 

F.  W.  Peck, 

A.  D.  Basnelt, 

C.  D.  Willard, 

17  XT 

L.  M.  Lawson, 

T.  C.  Platt, 

E.  H.  Harriman. 


GENERAL  OFFICES,  FERNANDINA.  FLA. 


STATE  CAPITOL,  TALLAHASSEE. 


FLORIDA— OLD  AND  NEW. 


Florida  is,  at  once,  the  oldest  and  the 
newest  State  in  the  American  Union — oldest 
in  settlement  and  historical  associations, 
and  newest  in  development.  Old  Florida 
dates  back  to  the  discoveries  of  Cabot  in  the 
fifteenth,  and  Ponce  de  Leon  and  Laudon- 
niere  in  the  sixteenth  centuries,  and  em- 
braces its  successive  occupancy  by  the 
Spanish,  French,  English  and  Americans  up 
to  the  time  of  the  late  civil  war,  during 
which  extended  period  it  passed  through  a 
multitude  of  startling  and  romantic  vicissi- 
tudes of  alternate  prosperity  and  depression. 
The  long-continued  and  interminable  contests  for  the  control  of  the  country  between 
the  French  and  the  Spanish,  with  their  bloody  history ; the  efforts  at  settlement  and 
development  in  the  growth  of  indigo  and  other  tropical  products  during  the  English 
occupation ; its  later  development  under  the  more  vigorous  and  practical  Americans, 
with  its  vast  plantations  of  cotton  and  sugar ; the  attractiveness  and  healthfulness  of 
its  climate,  and  the  discovery  of  its  adaptability  to  the  growth  of  semi-tropical  fruits 
and  all  kinds  of  vegetables,  have  made  for  Florida  a record  of  ever-changing  exper- 
iences, as  singular  and  unique  as  it  is  interesting  and  instructive. 

The  planters  of  the  early  day — immigrants  from  the  adjacent  states,  whose  ener- 
gies were  devoted  to  the  production  of  immense  crops  of  cotton  and  com — were  quite 
contented  with  the  careless  cultivation  of  a few  oranges,  lemons,  limes,  etc.,  for  home 
consumption,  while  the  commercial  possibilities  of  such  crops  were  unthought  of  or 
disregarded ; the  means  of  transportation  were  imperfect  or  entirely  wanting,  and 
there  was  apparently  no  outside  demand  for  those  products  for  which  the  State  has 
since  become  famous. 

In  that  olden  time  the  wealth  and  population  of  the  State  was  chiefly  concentrated 
in  the  section  now  known  as  Middle  Florida,  comprising  the  counties  lying  between  the 
Georgia  line  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  between  the  Apalachicola  and  Suwannee 
rivers.  In  no  portion  of  the  South  were  there  at  that  time  larger  or  finer  cotton 
plantations,  more  luxurious  homes  and  surroundings,  or  a more  prosperous  and  con- 
tented people  than  existed  in  this  rich  region.  The  people  lived  like  nabobs,  and 
devoted  themselves  with  equal  zeal  to  the  cultivation  and  handling  of  the  great  staple 
and  the  amenities  of  social  life.  Fine  old  mansions  yet  stand  among  the  giant  live 


6 


oaks,  upon  more  than  one  of  the  rich  plantations,  untenanted  and  ruinous ; their 
silence  and  desolation  full  of  pathos  and  eloquence,  reminding  the  chance  passer-by 
of  the  prosperity  and  affluence  of  former  days.  This  good  old  time  has  passed  away, 
with  many  of  those  who  were  its  founders  and  devotees,  but  the  rich  lands  yet 
remain,  scarcely  affected  by  the  half  century  of  immense  yearly  crops  which  they 
have  produced.  Methods  of  cultivation  which  have  prevailed  among  the  freedmen 
tenants  of  these  lands  since  the  war  have  reduced  the  annual  product,  but  not  the 
producing  capacity  of  the  lands,  and  when  they  are  subjected  to  the  better  methods 
known  and  practiced  by  the  best  farmers  of  the  North  and  West,  their  fertility  and 
variety  of  products  will  be  almost  beyond  the  power  of  belief.  The  “ fortunes  of  war  ” 
worked  a disastrous  change  in  the  conditions  here,  as  elsewhere.  The  slaves  were 
suddenly  converted  into  “ free  American  citizens,”  and  lost  no  time  in  deserting  from 
the  great  army  of  producers  to  engage  almost  en  masse  in  the  more  congenial  avocation 
of  politics  ; the  production  of  the  staple  crops  ceased  almost  entirely  ; the  plantation 
was  deserted  for  the  town  and  the  cross-roads  rendezvous,  and  its  owner  was  left 
helpless  and  despairing,  without  an  income,  without  capital,  and  without  credit,  but 
with  a family  to  be  supported,  and  a new  future  to  carve  out  for  himself  under  the 
most  trying,  disastrous  and  depressing  circumstances  which  ever  befell  a prosperous 
and  happy  people.  Desperate  efforts  were  made  to  set  the  wheels  of  agriculture  in 
motion  again,  and  a few  individuals  succeeded;  but  the  majority  struggled  long  and 
vainly  against  the  untoward  tide  of  misfortune  and  disappointment. 

In  the  meantime,  occasional  Northerners  ventured  into  Florida  in  search  of 
health,  or  from  motives  of  curiosity;  and,  realizing  the  possibilities  of  the  country, 
undertook  to  develop  it  in  the  right  direction.  Their  ventures  in  cotton-planting, 
owing  to  ignorance  of  the  conditions  essential  to  success,  were  generally  disastrous, 
but  in  other  directions  they  accomplished  a progress  previously  unknown.  Orange 
and  lemon  groves  were  planted ; experiments  were  made  in  pineapple  culture ; the 
production  of  vegetables  for  shipment  North  soon  became  a practical  success,  and  in 
many  respects  the  elements  of  a prosperous  future  for  the  State  were  apparently  near 
at  hand.  But  the  conditions  of  social  existence  were  unsatisfactory ; the  proportion 
of  Northern  settlers  was  small,  and  on  account  of  the  natural,  and,  at  that  period, 
unrestrained,  prejudice  existing  towards  them,  their  situation  was  not  comfortable, 
and  many  of  them  abandoned  what  they  felt  could  be  made  a profitable  and  pleasant 
undertaking,  on  that  account.  A few  -were  left,  however,  ana,  as  years  passed,  they 
remained  to  demonstrate  the  fact  that  the  growth  of  oranges  and  other  semi-tropical 
fruits  and  vegetables  could  be  made  a success,  and,  under  favorable  conditions,  aston- 
ishingly profitable.  Others  were  attracted  by  the  published  experiences  of  these 
pioneers,  and  people  began  to  flock  in,  submitting  to  the  enforced  social  isolation,  but 
keeping  in  view  the  brilliant  promise  of  success. 

This  state  of  things  continued  until  the  Northern  element  became  so  strong  that 
the  sense  of  loneliness  almost  entirely  disappeared  ; and  there  is  no  country,  at  this 
time,  where  enterprising  Northern  people  are  so  cordially  welcomed  as  in  Florida, 
even  in  those  portions  which  have  heretofore  been  considered  the  exclusive  home  of 
the  Southerner.  In  addition  to  this,  the  peninsular  portion  of  the  State  is  rapidly 
being  opened  up,  presenting  a virgin  territory  for  the  enterprise  of  Northerners  in 
innumerable  directions,  and  a vast  tide  of  immigration  has  been  steadily  flowing  in 
for  the  past  four  or  five  years.  The  problem  of  success  in  fruit  and  vegetable  culture 
in  Florida  has  been  absolutely  and  positively  solved,  and  the  profit  of  their  produc- 
tion fully  and  satisfactorily  demonstrated. 

Not  only  the  industries  above  mentioned,  but  many  others  auxiliary  to  them, 
have  been  established  and  brought  to  a flourishing  and  prosperous  condition ; and 
still  others,  heretofore  unthought  of,  are  daily  being  considered,  experimented  upon, 


7 


developed  and  made  important  factors  in  the  general  growth  of  the  material  pros- 
perity of  the  State. 

The  demand  for  improved  and  extended  transportation  facilities  has  grown  with 
the  growth  of  all  these  newly-developed  industries,  not  only  with  reference  to  the 
internal  needs  of  the  State,  but  to  a much  greater  extent,  perhaps,  with  reference  to 
complete  and  rapid  access  thereto  from  abroad.  Among  these,  none  are  of  more  vital 
importance  than  the  loeal  railway  lines,  both  old  and  new ; and  at  the  head  of  the 
list  of  these  stand  the  two  great  trunk  routes  which  formed  the  original  scheme  of 
railway  transportation  inaugurated  in  1855  by  State  laws  and  State  aid  in  the  shape 
of  grants  of  public  lands,  and  which  bi-sect  the  State  in  opposite  directions  throughout 
its  entire  length  and  breadth,  now,  with  their  several  branches  and  extensions,  con- 
solidated under  one  management  into  one  grand  system,  comprising  over  five  hundred 
miles  of  main  traek,  under  the  name  of  The  Florida  Railway  and  Navigation 
Company. 


- > 


COURT-HOUSE,  TALLAHASSEE. 


THE 

FLORIDA  RAILWAY  AND  NAVIGATION  COMPANY. 


On  the  7th  day  of  January,  1853,  the  Legislature  of  Florida  granted  a charter  to 
the  Florida,  Atlantic  and  Gulf  Central  Eailroad  Company  for  the  construction  of  a 
road  from  Jacksonville  to  Alliaator,  (now  Lake  City)  in  Columbia  county ; and  on  the 
8th  of  January,  1853,  the  Legislature  granted  a charter  to  the  Florida  Eailroad  Com- 
pany, providing  that  its  road  “ shall  commence  in  East  Florida,  upon  some  tributary 
of  the  Atlantic  Ocean  within  the  limits  of  the  State  of  Florida  having  a sufficient 
outlet  to  the  mean  to.  admit  of  the  passage  of  sea  steamers,  and  shall  run  through 
the  eastern  ana  southern  part  of  the  State  in  the  most  eligible  direction  to  some 
point,  bay,  arm  or  tributary  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  in  South  Florida  south  of  the 
Suwannee  river  having  a sufficient  outlet  for  sea  steamers.”  On  the  same  aay  a 
charter  was  granted  to  the  Pensacola  and  Georgia  Eailroad  Company  to  construct 
a railroad  from  Pensacola  through  the  western  and  northern  portion  of  the  State, 
with  a branch  to  the  Georgia  line. 

Or.  the  6th  of  January,  1855,  the  State  Legislature  passed  an  act  entitled,  “An  act 
to  provide  for  and  encourage  a liberal  system  of  internal  improvements  in  this  State,” 
commonly  known  as  the  “ Internal  Improvement  Act,”  which  contemplated  in  terms, 
as  a part  of  the  system  thereby  provided  for,  the  construction  of  two  great  trunk  lines 
of  railway,  viz  : “ From  the  St.  John’s  river  at  Jacksonville  to  the  waters  of  Pensacola 
bay,  with  an  extension  from  suitable  points  on  said  line  to  St.  Mark’s  river  or 
Crooked  river  at  White  Bluff,  on  Apalachicola  bay,  in  Middle  Florida,  and  to  the 
waters  of  St.  Andrew’s  bay,  in  West  Florida;  and  a line  from  Amelia  Island  on  the 
Atlantic  to  the  waters  of  Tampa  bay  in  South  Florida,  with  an  extension  to  Cedar  Key 
in  East  Florida.” 

On  the  14th  of  December,  1855,  the  charter  of  the  Florida  Eailroad  Company  was 
amended  “so  that  the  said  company  shall  have  power  to  construct  the  railroad  from 
Amelia  Island  to  the  waters  of  Tampa  bay  in  South  Florida,  with  an  extension  to 
Cedar  Key  in  East  Florida  ” ; and  on  the  next  day,  December  15th,  1855,  the  rights  of 
the  Pensacola  and  Georgia  Eailroad  Company  were  extended  by  amendment  to  the 
construction  of  its  road  to  a junction  with  the  road  of  the  Florida,  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
Central  Eailroad  Company  at  Alligator,  (Lake  City),  and  to  the  purchase  of  the  old 
Tallahassee  Eailroad,  which  was  constructed  from  St.  Mark’s  to  Tallahassee  in  1833, 
and  is  now  known  as  the  St.  Mark’s  Branch. 

By  an  amendment  to  its  charter  passed  on  the  29th  of  July,  1868,  the  name  of  the 


10 


Florida,  Atlantic  and  Gulf  Central  Eailroad  Company  was  changed  to  the  Florida 
Central  Eailroad  Company. 

An  act  of  the  Legislature  passed  December  13th,  1866,  authorized  the  Pensacola 
and  Georgia  Eailroad  Company  to  sell  its  branch  from  Live  Oak  to  the  Georgia  line 
to  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  Eailroad  Company,  of  Georgia. 

An  act  passed  by  the  Legislature  on  the  24th  of  June,  1869,  reciting  the  sale  of 
the  Pensacola  and  Georgia  Eailroad  and  the  Tallahassee  Eailroad,  incorporated  a 
new  company,  composed  of  the  purchasers,  and  called  the  Tallahassee  Eailroad 
Company ; and  on  the  same  day  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  and  Mobile  Eailroad 
Company  was  chartered,  and  authorized  to  complete  the  line  from  Quincy  to  the 
Chattahoochee  river,  and  through  West  Florida. 

By  a resolution  adopted  by  the  stockholders  on  the  18th  of  January,  1872,  the 
name  of  the  Florida  Eailroad  Company  was  changed  to  the  Atlantic,  Gulf  and  West 
India  Transit  Company,  which  name  was  afterwards  similarly  changed  to  the  Florida 
Transit  Eailroad  Company. 

That  portion  of  the  main  line  of  the  Florida  Transit  Eailroad  extending  from 
Waldo  to  Ocala  was  constructed  under  the  name  of  the  Peninsular  Eailroad  Company ; 
and  that  portion  of  the  main  line  from  Ocala  to  Wildwood  and  beyond,  was  con- 
structed under  the  name  of  the  Tropical  Florida  Eailroad  Company. 

The  Leesburg  and  Indian  Eiver  Eailroad  Company  was  organized  under  the 
general  incorporation  law  of  Florida  by  articles  filed  on  the  20th  of  February,  1882,  to 
build  a road  extending  from  a point  on  the  Tropical  Florida  Eailroad  west  of  Lees- 
burg to  Leesburg,  and  thence  to  Lake  Eustis  and  Lake  Dora,  and  through  Orange  and 
Brevard  counties  to  the  Indian  river,  with  branches  to  Lake  Apopka  and  Lake 
Tohopekaliga. 

On  the  same  day,  February  20th,  1882,  the  Florida  Central  and  Western  Eailroad 
Company  was  incorporated  by  articles  filed  by  Sir  Edward  J.  Eeed  and  his  associates, 
who  had  become  the  owners,  by  purchase,  of  the  Florida  Central  and  the  Jackson- 
ville, Pensacola  and  Mobile  railroads. 

On  the  15th  of  January,  1883,  by  a resolution  of  the  stockholders  of  the  several 
roads,  the  Florida  Transit  Eailroad  Company,  the  Peninsular  Eailroad  Company  and 
the  Tropical  Florida  Eailroad  Company,  were  merged  into  one  corporation  under  the 
name  of  the  Florida  Transit  and  Peninsular  Eailroad  Company. 

The  Fernandina  and  Jacksonville  Eailroad  Company  was  organized  under  the 
general  incorporation  law  by  articles  filed  on  the  16th  of  March,  1880. 

During  the  year  1883  the  several  roads  mentioned,  viz  : the  Florida  Transit  and 
Peninsular,  the  Florida  Central  and  Western,  the  Fernandina  and  Jacksonville,  and 
the  Leesburg  and  Indian  Eiver  railroads,  passed  into  the  hands  of  a single  company, 
and,  since  March  1st,  1884,  have  all  been  operated  under  one  management,  under  the 
name  of  The  Florida  Eailway  and  Navigation  Company. 


The  Florida  Eailway  and  Navigation  Company’s  system,  comprising  over  five 
hundred  miles  of  main  track  in  actual  operation,  and  about  eight  hundred  miles  of 
main  track,  when  completed,  not  only  gives  to  Florida  its  most  extensive  and  impor- 
tant main  lines  of  transportation,  to  which  all  other  lines,  operated  and  projected, 
are  in  effect  subsidiary  and  tributary ; but  it  comprises  the  largest  and  most  impor- 
tant portion  of  a system  of  lines  which  is  destined  to  materially  affect,  in  the  near 
future,  the  entire  commerce  as  well  as  the  entire  railway  transportation  system  of  the 
Union. 

The  importance  of  this  great  trunk  line  through  the  Peninsula  of  Florida,  as  a 
highway  of  travel  and  traffic  between  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  the  countries 
of  Central  and  South  America  and  the  West  India  islands,  is  a subject  which  far 


11 


exceeds  in  interest  the  consideration  of  its  local  traffic.  The  completion  of  the  road 
from  its  present  terminus  to  Punta  Rassa,  on  the  waters  of  Charlotte  Harbor,  a dis- 
tance of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  and  the  establishment  immediately  conse- 
quent thereon  of  a daily  line  of  first-class,  fast  passenger  and  freight  steamships 
thence  to  Key  West,  one  hundred  and  ten  miles,  and  to  Havana,  seventy  miles  fur- 
ther, will  give  direct  and  complete  daily  communication  between  Cuba  and  all  parts 
•of  the  Union,  bringing  the  West  Indian  and  South  American  markets  as  near  to  the 
•consumers  of  their  products  as  they  now  are  to  England  and  the  European  continent, 
and  making  new  markets  in  those  countries  for  all  the  products  of  the  States. 

The  Mississippi  and  Ohio  valleys  now  consume  about  three-fourths  of  all  impor- 
tations of  coffee,  sugar,  etc.,  from  the  ports  of  the  Caribbean  Sea  and  South  America; 
and  that  region  produces  the  very  articles — -agricultural  implements,  bread-stuffs, 
cattle,  cotton-goods,  etc. — most  largely  exported  to  those  countries. 

Official  statistics  show  that  of  the  total  sugar  consumed  in  the  United  States  in 
1882,  about  1,750,000  hogsheads,  or  over  1,000,000  tons,  there  were  imported,  chiefly 
from  Cuba,  over  1,600,000  hogsheads.  Of  the  total  importations  from  Cuba  of  678,000 
tons,  442,000  tons  were  entered  at  New  York,  135,000  tons  at  Boston,  65,000  tons  at 
Philadelphia,  and  at  other  ports  36,000  tons ; yet  of  this  whole  amount  about  400,000 
tons  were  consumed  by  people  living  nearer  to  Punta  Rassa  than  to  New  York,  and 
Punta  Rassa  being  about  one  thousand  miles  nearer  to  Cuba  than  to  New  York,  for  this 
population  it  is  the  most  direct  and  economical  importing  point.  The  imports  and 
the  consumption  of  molasses  show  a similar  state  of  facts. 

The  importations  of  coffee  into  the  United  States  in  1882  were  220,000  tons,  equal 
to  about  500,000,000  pounds,  or  ten  pounds  for  every  man,  woman  and  child  in  the 
country,  of  which  400,000,000  pounds  were  entered  at  New  York,  and  the  remainder 
mostly  at  Baltimore  and  New  Orleans.  The  imports  from  Brazil  were  340,000,000 
pounds,  from  the  West  Indies,  Venezuela,  Colombia,  Central  America  and  Mexico, 
130,000,000  pounds,  and  from  Java  and  the  East,  30,000,000  pounds. 

From  the  foregoing  facts  it  seems  manifest  that  a line  of  transportation  reaching 
almost  directly  into  the  heart  of  the  region  producing  and  exporting  into  the  United 
States  these  vast  quantities  of  staple  products,  and  taking  from  the  United  States  an 
equally  large  volume  of  our  products  and  manufactures,  should  become,  when  per- 
manently established,  one  of  the  most  important  of  the  world’s  great  commercial 
‘highways.  That  “ railway  connection  with  the  West  Indies  and  South  America  is  the 
greatest  necessity  of  the  present  age,  and  there  will  be  no  rest  until  this  want  is  sup- 
plied,” has  been  well  said  by  one  of  the  most  valuable  railway  authorities  in  the 
Union  ( Railway  Age,  Sept.,  1883).  It  is  to  satisfy  this  want,  by  the  completion  of  its 
line  to  Punta  Rassa,  by  the  perfecting  of  its  connections  northward  and  northwest- 
ward, and  by  the  establishment  of  daily  steamship  service  from  its  southern  terminus 
to  Cuba  and  South  American  ports,  thus  developing  a highway  of  commercial  value 
not  less  important  to  the  interests  of  the  whole  country  than  the  trans-continental 
railroads  of  the  far  West,  that  the  Florida  Railway  and  Navigation  Company  is  now 
bending  every  energy. 

The  extension  of  the  system  to  Tampa  and  Charlotte  Harbor,  now  being  rapidly 
•completed,  will  enable  it  to  control  the  trade  of  a region  which  is  conceded  by  all 
reliable  authorities  to  be  the  most  desirable  in  the  Union  for  the  production  of  sugar. 
In  all  the  peninsular  portion  of  Florida  the  sugar-cane  grows  with  great  luxuriance, 
“ rattooning  ” for  some  six  or  eight  years  in  succession,  whereas  in  Louisiana  it 
requires  to  be  replanted  every  three  or  four  years.  It  grows  in  South  Florida  to  the 
height  of  ten  to  fifteen  feet,  while  in  Louisiana  it  is  much  smaller.  In  Florida,  too, 
at  can  be  left  in  the  field  to  ripen  fully,  without  fear  of  the  frosts  which  in  Louisiana 
often  cause  it  to  be  gathered  in  an  unmatured  state. 


12 


The  transportation  of  the  orange  crop  of  the  State  is  an  important  and  interesting 
feature  of  the  business  of  the  Central  and  Southern  divisions  of  the  road,  which  extend 
through  the  very  heart  of  the  orange  region.  This  industry,  although  yet  in  its 
infancy,  presents  already  some  remarkably  suggestive  facts.  The  entire  crop  of  the 
State  a few  years  ago  was  scarcely  worthy  of  mention  from  a commercial  point  of 
view ; but  the  increase  has  been  so  rapid  as  to  give,  in  1881,  a total  crop  of  about 
forty-six  millions,  increasing  to  a crop  of  above  fifty  millions  in  1883.  Notwithstanding 
this  astonishing  progress,  the  future  has  in  store  for  this  industry  still  more  notice- 
able results,  for  which  there  is  ample  room,  the  demand  being  constantly  and  rapidly 
increasing,  and  the  total  annual  consumption  of  this  country  being  now  about  eight 
hundred  millions,  of  which  more  than  fifteen-sixteenths  are  imported  from  abroad. 

The  business  of  forwarding  early  vegetables  produced  for  shipment  to  Northern 
markets  also  forms  no  inconsiderable  portion  of  the  traffic  of  the  system  of  roads 
now  controlled  by  the  Florida  Railway  and  Navigation  Company.  Beginning  with 
the  first  products  of  the  lower  peninsula,  and  ending  with  the  latest  shipments  of 
potatoes  from  Middle  Florida,  the  entire  season  is  one  prolonged  period  of  labor, 
expense,  anxiety  and  activity  for  the  entire  corps  of  officials  and  employees,  the 
exceedingly  perishable  nature  of  these  products,  and  the  consequent  necessity  of  rap- 
idly pushing  them  forward  to  their  destination,  involving  the  most  prompt  and  uner- 
ring methods,  and  the  constant  and  watchful  care  of  every  one  connected  with  their 
transportation.  The  volume  of  these,  as  well  as  of  other  products  requiring  the  services 
of  the  several  lines  to  transport  them  to  market,  can  be  estimated  at  a glance  by 
referring  to  a very  carefully  prepared  table  showing  actual  shipments  for  a single 
year  from  each  of  the  several  stations,  which  will  be  found  in  another  place  in  this 
pamphlet. 

Besides  the  unparalleled  advantages  of  safety,  speed  and  comfort  offered  to  the 
entire  volume  of  passenger  travel  between  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  the  West 
Indian,  Central  and  South  American  ports  by  the  completion  of  the  peninsular  line  of 
the  Florida  Railway  and  Navigation  Company’s  road  to  Punta  Rassa,  and  a daily 
steamship  service  thence  to  those  ports,  the  already  completed  lines  and  their  unex- 
ceptionably  favorable  connections  northward  and  westward  enable  the  Company  to 
offer  to  the  people  who,  in  already  vast  and  annually  increasing  numbers  seek  the 
matchless  climate  of  Florida  for  relief  from  the  cold,  discomfort  and  danger  of  the 
Northern  winters,  a means  of  transportation  to  and  through  the  entire  length  and 
breadth  of  the  great  winter  sanitarium  of  Florida,  unequaled  by  those  presented  by 
any  other  line  or  lines. 

Travelers  coming  to  Florida  from  any  of  the  Eastern  or  Middle  States,  by  secur- 
ing tickets  which  will  bring  them  over  any  of  the  Georgia  roads  or  Atlantic  coast  lines 
leading  to  Savannah,  will  connect  at  that  place  directly  with  trains  on  the  short  line 
of  road  (the  City  and  Suburban  Railroad),  now  controlled  by  this  Company,  leading 
from  Savannah  to  Montgomery  on  the  sea  shore,  about  twelve  miles  from  Savannah, 
whence  the  elegant  steamers  of  the  DeBary-Baya  Merchants’  Line,  completing  what 
is  known  as  the  “ Montgomery  Route,”  will  transport  them  directly  and  rapidly  by 
the  safe  and  picturesque  “ Inland  Route,”  between  the  noted  “ Sea  Islands  ” and  the 
main  land,  past  the  famous  and  interesting  ruins  of  “ Dungeness,  ’ on  Cumberland 
Island,  to  Fernandina,  the  initial  point  of  all  the  Company's  lines  leading  all  over  the 
State,  in  every  direction.  Those  coming  from  any  of  the  Western  or  Southwestern 
States,  by  securing  tickets  which  will  bring  them  over  the  Illinois  Central,  Mobile  and 
Ohio,  or  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad  Company’s  lines  and  their  connections,  via 
New  Orleans,  Mobile  or  Montgomery,  Ala.,  to  Pensacola,  will  there  connect  with 
solid  through  trains,  with  Pullman  Palace  Sleeping-cars  attached,  which  will  take 
them  through  West  Florida,  over  the  new  Pensacola  and  Atlantic  Railroad,  and 


13 


through  Middle  Florida,  on  the  track  of  the  Western  Division,  (F.  R.  & N.  Co.),  by 
davliaht,  thus  enabling  them  to  enjoy  the  novel,  and  heretofore  unusual  experience  of 
seeing  the  beauties  of  the  wonderful  “ Hill  Country  ” of  Florida.  Travelers  desiring  o 
first  visit  the  Great  Exposition  at  New  Orleans  and  then  return  to  their  homes  by  way 
of  Florida,  or  to  go  thence  on  the  excursion  trains  which  will  be  run  during  the  period 
covered  by  the  Exposition,  will  positively  find  no  other  route  open  to  them  by  which 
they  can  go  direct  to  and  through  the  entire  State,  than  by  the  through  trains  over 
the  Pensacola  and  Atlantic  and  Florida  Railway  and  Navigation  Company  s roads,  to 
which  will  be  attached  through  Pullman  Palace  Sleeping-cars  from  New  Orleans  to 
Jacksonville. 


THE 


FLORIDA  RAILWAY  AND  NAVIGATION  COMPANY. 

SCHEDULE  OF  STATIONS  AND  DISTANCES. 


CENTRAL  DIVISION. 


STATION. 

DISTANCE. 

MILES. 

STATION. 

DISTANCE. 

MILES. 

Fernandina, 

— 

— 

Starke, 

2 

73 

Hart’s  Road  Junction. 

11 

u 

Thurston, 

4 

77 

Italia, 

7 

18 

Waldo, 

7 

84 

Callahan, 

9 

27 

Fairbanks,  . 

6 h 

90£ 

Dutton, 

9 

36 

Gainesville, 

7J 

98 

Brandy  Branch,  . 

5 

41 

Arredondo,  . 

6 

104 

Baldwin,  . 

6 

47 

Palmer,  . 

4 

108 

Maxville, 

8 

55 

Archer, 

5 

113 

Highland, 

e 

01 

Bronson,  . 

9 

122 

Lawtey, 

5 

66 

Otter  Creek, 

12 

134 

Burrin, 

n 

67* 

Rosewood, 

11 

145 

Temple, 

32 

71 

Cedar  Key,  . 

10 

155 

JACKSONVILLE  BRANCH. 

STATION. 

DISTANCE. 

MILES. 

STATION. 

DISTANCE. 

MILES. 

Fernandina, 

— 

— 

Duval, 

ii 

22 

Hart’s  Road  Junction, 

u 

u 

Jacksonville. 

u 

33 

SOUTHERN 

DIVISION. 

STATION. 

DISTANCE. 

MILES. 

STATION. 

DISTANCE. 

MIXES. 

Waldo  (from  Fernandina),  — 

84 

Silver  Spring  Junction, 

9 

130 

Dixie, 

8 

92 

Ocala, 

4 

134 

Hawthorne,  . 

6 

98 

Lake  Weir,  . 

16 

150 

Lochloosa, 

6 

104 

Oxford, 

6i 

156£ 

Orange  Lake, 

8 

112 

Wildwood,  . 

3i 

160 

Sparr, 

5 

117 

Pana'sofkee, 

8 

168 

Anthony, 

4 

121 

Withlacooch.ee  River, 

21 

189 

LEESBURG 

BRANCH. 

STATION. 

DISTANCE. 

MILES. 

STATION. 

DISTANCE. 

MILES. 

Wildwood  (from  Fernandina), 

160 

Leesburg, 

2£ 

172 

Montclair, 

9i 

169£ 

Tavares, 

10 

182 

15 


WESTERN  DIVISION. 


STATION. 

DISTANCE. 

MILES. 

STATION. 

DISTANCE. 

MILES. 

Chattahoochee  River, 

. — 

Ellaville,  . 

8 

114 

River  Junction,  . 

2 

2 

Live  Oak, 

13 

127 

Chattahoochee, 

1 

3 

Houston, 

6 

133 

Mt.  Pleasant, 

8 

11 

Welborn, 

5 

138 

Quincy,  . 

9 

20 

Dowling’s  Junction, 

4 

142 

Midway, 

12 

32 

Lake  City,  . 

8 

150 

Tallahassee, 

12 

44 

Mt.  Carrie, 

7 

157 

Chaires, 

12 

56 

Olustee, 

5 

162 

Lloyd, 

6 

62 

Sanderson, 

10 

172 

Pinhook, 

7 

69 

Taliaferro’s  Junction, 

2 

174 

Drifton,  . 

2 

71 

Glen  St.  Mary, 

5 

179 

(Monticello,  4) 

— 

— 

Darbyville,  . 

2 

181 

Aucilla, 

7 

78 

Baldwin,  . 

9 

190 

Greenville,  . 

7 

85 

Clark’s  Junction, 

2 

192 

Madison,  . 

14 

99 

White  House,  . 

6 

198 

West  Farm, 

5 

104 

Way  cross  Junction, 

10 

208 

Lee, 

2 

106 

Jacksonville,  . 

1 

209 

ST. 

mark’s 

1 BRANCH. 

STATION. 

DISTANCE. 

MILES. 

STATION. 

DISTANCE. 

MILES. 

Tallahassee, 

— 

— 

Wakulla,  . 

6 

16 

Belair, 

4 

4 

St.  Mark’s,  . 

5 

21 

Ferrell, 

6 

10 

Mouth  St.  Mark’s  River, 

— 

8 

LOCATION  AND  MILEAGE. 

Central  Division  : Passes  through  the  counties  of  Nassau,  Duval,  Clay,  Brad- 
ford, Alachua  and  Levy. 

Southern  Division  : Passes  through  the  counties  of  Alachua,  Marion,  Sumter 
and  Hernando,  and  is  now  being  extended  into  Polk  and  Hillsborough. 

Western  Division  : Passes  through  the  counties  of  Gadsden,  Leon,  Jefferson, 
Madison,  Suwannee,  Columbia,  Baker  and  Duval. 

St.  Mark’s  Branch:  Passes  through  the  counties  of  Leon  and  Wakulla. 

Leesburg  Branch  : Passes  through  the  county  of  Sumter,  and  is  now  being 
extended  into  Orange. 

Jacksonville  Branch  : Passes  through  the  counties  of  Nassau  and  Duval. 

Monticello  Branch:  Passes  through  Jefferson  county. 


miles. 

Central  Division,  Fernandina  to  Cedar  Key, 155 

Southern  Division,  Waldo  to  Withlacoochee  River 105 

Leesburg  Branch,  Wildwood  to  Tavares, 22 

Western  Division,  Chattahoochee  River  to  Jacksonville,  .....  209 

Jacksonville  Branch,  Fernandina  (Hart’s  Road  Junction)  to  Jacksonville,  . . 22 

St.  Mark’s  Branch,  Tallahassee  to  St.  Mark’s, 21 

Monticello  Branch,  Drifton  to  Monticello, 4 

Total  mileage,  main  track, 538 


COUNTY  SEATor 


MAMMOTH  TREE  AT  RELEE  VIEW. — SEE  PAGES  XXV  AND  XXVI. 


CENTRAL  DIVISION. 


FERNANDINA,  “ the  Newport  of  the  South,”  as  it  has  been  justly  named,  is  the 
initial  point  and  general  headquarters  of  the  Florida  Railway  and  Navigation  Com- 
pany’s railway  system.  Its  happily-bestowed  cognomen  had  its  origin  in  the  prox- 
imity of  the  city  to  the  magnificent  ocean  beach,  known  as  Amelia  Beach,  to  which 
reference  will  be  made  further  on  in  these  pages.  The  city  itself  is  of  no  insignificant 
importance,  and  has  frequently  been  called  the  “ Gate  City  of  Florida,”  from  the  fact 
of  its  possession  of  the  largest  and  deepest  harbor  on  the  eastern  coast  of  the  State. 
It  is  beautifully  located  in  a sheltered  situation  on  the  west  side  of  Amelia  Island,  the 
northern  extremity  of  which  guards  the  entrance  to  Cumberland  Sound  and  the  exten- 
sive land-locked  harbor,  into  which  open  the  St.  Mary’s  river,  and  Amelia  river  from. 
Nassau  inlet,  the  former  from  the  west,  and  the  latter  from  the  southeast. 

The  harbor  of  Fernandina  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  commodious  on  the  Atlan- 
tic coast.  “ It  is  similar  to  Charleston  and  Savannah  in  having  a bar  at  its  entrance ; 
and  in  respect  to  the  draft  which  can  be  carried  to  its  wharves,  the  three  cities  are 
about  on  a par.  But  Fernandina  excels  the  others  in  the  fact  that  the  wharfing  shore 
is  only  about  three  miles  from  the  sea  buoy  or  open  ocean.  After  crossing  the  bar, 
there  is  a broad  way  of  from  twenty-five  to  sixty  feet  depth,  at  low  water,  to  the 
anchorage  in  the  harbor.  The  inner  basins  which  form  the  harbor  are  closely  land- 
locked, of  unlimited  capacity,  of  a general  depth  of  thirty  to  forty  feet  at  low  water, 
good  holding  ground  of  stiff,  blue  clay,  and  lined  by  extensive  shore  for  wharves. 
The  water  obtainable  here  for  ships’  supply  is  reputed  to  keep  better  on  voyages  than 
any  other  in  the  South.” — (From  an  Address  by  Hon.  D.  L.  Yulee,  delivered  to  the 
Fernandina  Board  of  Trade,  Jan.  26,  1880.)  “ Inside  of  the  bar  there  is  an  unlimited 

extent  of  deep-water  accommodation,  and  also  the  protection  of  smooth  water  before 
reaching  the  land-locked  basins.  The,  anchorage  in  Amelia  river  possesses  the  quiet 
and  safety  of  an  enclosed  dock,  and  repairs  of  all  kinds  may  be  carried  on  without 
the  fear  of  accident  arising  from  the  motion  of  the  water.”  “We  are  careful  to  avoid 
making  tnis  communication  unnecessarily  long  by  entering  upon  a comparison  of 
Fernandina  with  other  places  in  the  same  region  of  coast — such  as  Brunswick,  for 
example,  which  is  now  connected  by  railroad  with  Savannah,  and  being  more  in  the 
interior,  is  less  healthy ; or  St.  John’s  entrance,  * * * which  has  an  insuperable 
objection  in  its  bar ; but  we  take  pains  to  say  that  such  comparisons  have  formed  a 
large  part  of  our  study  of  the  whole  subject.  We  have  not  spoken  of  the  peculiar 
advantages  of  Fernandina  as  a depot  and  naval  station  without  attaching  a meaning 
to  the  word.” — (From  the  Report  of  Admiral  S.  F.  Dupont,  U.  S.  N.,  General  J.  G. 
Barnard,  U.  S.  Engineers,  Professor  A.  D.  Bache,  Supt.  U.  S.  Coast  Survey,  and  Com- 


20 


rnodore  C.  H.  Davis,  U.  S.  N.,  made  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  in  1861,  referred  to 
in  the  Address  above  mentioned.) 

The  natural  advantages  of  Feraandina  as  a seaport  and  a centre  of  trade  have 
not  been  heretofore  utilized  as  they  deserve.  The  ravages  of  war  fell  with  peculiar 
force  upon  the  city,  paralyzing  its  industries  and  complicating  the  titles  to  property 
by  reason  of  sales  made  under  the  U.  S.  direct  tax  laws.  These  were  followed  by  the 
greater  misfortune  of  epidemic  disease  happening  at  a time  when  its  resources  were 
unequal  to  the  demand  for  adequate  sanitary  regulations  and  precautions.  All  these 
disasters  and  hindrances  have  now  happily  passed  away,  and  the  staunch  little 
“ Island  City,”  as  it  is  fondly  called  by  those  who  know  and  love  it,  is  rising  from  the 
prostration  caused  by  its  many  misfortunes,  and  is  rapidly  putting  on  the  appearance 
of  a veritable  metropolis. 

The  facilities  afforded  by  Fernandina  for  the  profitable  and  successful  prosecution 
of  an  extensive  wholesale  trade  with  the  entire  peninsular  portion  of  the  State,  as 
well  as  with  a considerable  section  of  Middle  Florida,  are  unsurpassed  by  those  of 
any  port  or  city  in  the  State.  The  splendid  harbor  admits  vessels  drawing  seventeen 
and  a half  feet  of  water  at  high  tide  (with  an  excellent  prospect  of  increase  to  twenty- 
six  or  twenty-seven  feet  by  Government  appropriations) ; and  the  depth  of  water  in 
the  harbor  enables  cargoes  to  be  loaded  and  unloaded  directly  at  the  wharves.  A line 
of  first-class  steamships  (the  Mallory  Line)  plies  regularly  between  this  port  and  New 
York,  another  line  has  just  been  established  to  Boston,  and  another  to  Baltimore, 
and  a direct  line  of  ocean  steamers  to  and  from  Liverpool  visits  its  wharves  at 
stated  intervals.  Freights,  therefore,  both  from  Europe  and  the  upper  Atlantic  coast 
ports,  are  more  than  two-thirds  lower  than  freights  by  rail,  and  the  Florida  Railway 
and  Navigation  Company’s  lines  of  railroad  give  direct  and  constant  access  to  and 
from  all  the  interior  towns  and  cities  of  the  State.  A recent  fire  destroyed  a number 
of  the  older  buildings  in  the  principal  business  portion  of  the  city,  which  have  been 
promptly  replaced  by  handsome  and  commodious  brick  structures,  whose  appearance 
and  accommodations  for  the  purposes  of  modem  trade  would  do  credit  to  any  of  our 
largest  cities ; and  when  the  superior  advantages  of  Fernandina  as  a great  central 
entrepot  for  the  bulk  of  the  trade  of  East  and  South  Florida  shall  be  known  and  prop- 
erly appreciated,  the  entire  harbor  frontage  and  the  two  or  three  tiers  of  blocks 
extending  its  whole  length,  which  have  been  reserved  for  business  purposes,  will 
become  one  great  mass  of  brick  warehouses,  out  of  whose  capacious  depths  will  pour 
a never-ending  stream  of  merchandise  to  supply  the  growing  wants  of  the  vast  and 
constantly  increasing  population  of  the  interior. 

Throughout  that  portion  of  the  city  devoted  to  private  residences  may  be  found 
some  of  the  handsomest  and  cosiest  homes  in  all  Florida,  representations  of  some  of 
which  are  given  among  our  illustrations.  The  gently-sloping  eminence  upon  which 
this  portion  of  the  city  is  built  affords  facilities  for  ample  drainage,  which  has  been 
thoroughly  effected  by  a system  of  sewerage  of  which  many  larger  cities  might  well 
be  proud.  The  atmosphere,  laden  with  the  perfume  of  the  sea  and  the  exhalations 
from  the  vast  pine  forests  near  at  hand,  is  pure  and  healthful ; and  the  ocean  tides, 
sweeping  over  the  salt-marshes,  leave  no  stagnant  fresh-water  pools  to  breed  malaria. 
The  soil  of  the  island  is  light  and  sandy,  with  an  admixture  of  comminuted  shell, 
making  it  in  many  localities  exceedingly  productive,  as  is  amply  evidenced  by  the 
luxuriant  growth  of  the  orange  groves  and  shade-trees  of  various  kinds,  including  the 
stately  palm,  and  the  wonderful  products  of  the  numerous  vegetable-gardens  and 
tlower-yards  which  abound  in  and  about  the  city. 

Amelia  Island  and  its  vicinity  abound  with  places  of  historical  and  romantic  in- 
terest. The  island  is  formed  by  the  surrounding  waters  of  the  Atlantic,  Cumberland 
Sound,  the  St.  Mary’s  and  Amelia  rivers  and  Nassau  inlet,  and  is  about  twenty-two 


21 


miles  in  length,  with  an  average  breadth  of  two  miles.  It  was  known  in  the  time  of 
the  aborigines  as  Guale,  and  was  the  seat  of  government  of  a powerful  chief,  who  has 
been  described  by  Laudonniere  as  a person  of  remarkably  commanding  presence  and 
noble  mien.  His  sceptre  was  broken  and  his  savage  court  dispersed  under  the  oft- 
disputed  reigns  of  the  Spanish  and  English  colonists.  General  Oglethorpe,  whose 
headquarters  were  at  Savannah,  claimed  the  territory  along  the  coast  as  far  south  as 
Fort  George  Island,  at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  -John’s  river,  while  the  Spaniards  claimed 
as  far  north  as  the  Savannah  river.  A small  fort  was  built  at  a very  early  day  by  the 
Spaniards  near  the  spot  where  now  stands  the  old  town  of  Femandina,  about  a mile 
north  of  the  present  modem  city,  which  was  occupied  and  garrisoned  up  to  the  time 


RESIDENCE  AT  FEENANDINA. 

of  the  cession  of  Florida  to  the  English  in  1763.  The  spot  where  it  stood,  as  well  as 
the  quaint  old  town,  are  visited  with  interest  by  curious  strangers.  About  the  year 
1770  the  Countess  of'Egmont,  an  English  noblewoman,  established  a great  indigo 
plantation  on  the  island,  the  buildings  of  which  were  situated  on  the  highest  point  of 
land,  near  the  site  of  the  present  light-house,  and  the  indigo-works  on  a spot  near 
where  now  stands  the  Egmont  Hotel,  named,  of  course,  after  the  Countess,  a fine 
portrait  of  whom  hangs  in  its  parlor.  Some  two  or  three  miles  from  the  city,  at 
the  northern  extremity  of  the  island,  stands  old  Fort  Clinch,  whose  massive  guns  still 
frown  from  the  parapet,  while  its  casemates  are  piled  with  the  antiquated  and  appar- 
ently useless  impedimenta  of  warfare. 

Eight  miles  from  Femandina,  by  water,  on  Cumberland  Island,  is  the  famous 
estate  of  Dungeness,  several  thousand  acres  in  extent,  bestowed  by  the  State  of 
Georgia  upon  General  Nathaniel  Greene,  and  belonging  for  many  years  to  his 
descendants.  The  massive  ruins  of  the  stately  old  mansion  kept  watch  and  ward, 
until  within  the  past  few  months,  over  the  smouldering  remnants  and  historic  mem- 
ories of  the  place.  Broad  avenues,  bounded  by  plantations  of  ancient  orange  and 
olive  trees  and  bordered  by  giant  oaks,  stretch  grandly  away  on  either  side  of  the 


22 


homestead,  while  the  half  wild  remnants  of  a once  flourishing  and  extensive  botanical 
garden  give  evidence  of  the  fonner  luxuriant  surroundings.  The  old  family  burying- 
ground,  with  its  ancient  tombs  (one  of  which  covers  the  mortal  part  of  the  renowned 
soldier  known  to  fame  and  the  history  of  his  country  as  “ Light-Horse  Harry”  Lee), 
is  located  in  a grovo  not  far  from  the  mansion.  Many  other  objects  and  places 
of  interest  abound  on  the  island,  and  its  recent  purchase  by  Mr.  Thomas  M.  Carnegie, 
a wealthy  Scotsman,  who  is  restoring  and  rebuilding  the  old  mansion  and  rehabilitat- 
ing the  entire  estate,  will  be  the  means  of  preserving  the  mementoes  and  memories 
and  traditions  of  this  historic  ground. 

Fernandina  possesses  a number  of  handsome  church  edifices,  prominent  among 
which  are  the  Presbyterian,  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  of  St.  Michael’s  (connected 
with  which  is  a convent  and  young  ladies’  school  under  the  management  of  the  Sisters 
of  St.  Joseph),  and  the  beautiful  new  Episcopal  Church  of  St.  Peter’s.  There  is  also 
a convenient  and  commodious  public  hall. 

The  Florida  Mirror , one  of  the  leading  journals  of  the  State,  is  published  here. 
Connected  with  its  publication  office  is  a thoroughly  equipped  job  office,  where  much 
of  the  printing  of  the  Railway  Company  is  done.  Half  a mile  south  of  the  city  are 
the  principal  car-shops  of  the  Company,  where  have  been  executed  some  of  the  best 
specimens  of  railroad  work  to  be  found  in  the  South,  among  which  may  be  mentioned 
a complete  locomotive  engine,  one  of  the  best  on  the  road,  and  the  only  one  ever 
constructed  in  Florida. 

One  of  the  chief  attractions  of  Fernandina  is  the  Amelia  Beach,  a noble  stretch 
of  smooth,  shining  sand,  sloping  gently  from  the  foot  of  the  great  “ sand-dune  ’ 
which  lies  along  the  outer  edge  of  the  island  far  out  under  the  shallow  waters  of  the 
Atlantic,  and  extending  from  one  end  of  the  island  to  the  other,  a distance  of  over 
twenty  miles.  The  surface  of  the  sand  at  the  edge  of  the  water  is  as  hard  as  a floor, 
forming  a magnificent  drive,  and  a firm,  hard  shell-road  extends  from  the  city  to  the 
beach,  a distance  of  nearly  two  miles.  Near  where  the  shell-road  joins  the  beach  are 
a number  of  cottages  belonging  to  citizens,  and  a large  and  comfortable  hotel,  the 
“ Strathmore,”  whose  broad  verandas,  comfortable  rooms  and  well-supplied  tables 
welcome  ci'owds  upon  crowds  of  summer  guests,  year  after  year.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John 
B.  Hopkins,  of  Tallahassee,  have  presided  over  its  hospitalities  during  the  season  of 
1884,  and  the  house  has  been  overrun  with  guests  during  the  entire  summer.  A 
branch  track  from  the  city  to  the  beach  is  in  contemplation,  which  will  render  the 
facilities  for  reaching  this  notable  resort  perfect.  The  surf-bathing  on  the  beach, 
which  of  course  is  the  chief  attraction,  is  said  to  be  safer  and  more  enjoyable — especi- 
ally for  ladies  and  children — than  at  any  of  the  famous  resorts  of  the  northern 
Atlantic  coast. 

The  general  offices  of  the  Company  are  situated  at  present  in  a building  con- 
structed for  the  accommodation  of  the  general  offices  of  the  old  Transit  Railroad; 
but  it  is  in  contemplation  to  erect  a new  building  at  the  foot  of  Centre  street  (the 
principal  business  street),  which  will  eontain  ample  room  for  the  transaction  of  the 
large  business  of  the  Company,  besides  handsome  and  commodious  accommodations 
for  passengers. 

A complete  telegraph  and  telephone  service  are  among  the  conveniences  employed 
for  the  transaction  of  business  by  the  Company  and  the  citizens. 

There  are  three  good  livery  stables  to  supply  visitors  with  conveyances  of  all 
kinds,  and  the  harbor  is  full  of  sail  and  row-boats  of  all  shapes  and  styles  and  sizes. 

Fishing  in  the  harbor  and  adjacent  rivers  is  unsurpassed,  and  there  are  quantities 
of  game  of  several  kinds  on  the  island. 

Hotels:  The  Egmont  is  one  of  the  most  complete  hotels  in  the  South.  First- 
class  in  every  appointment,  with  service  of  gas  and  water  throughout,  bath-rooms  on. 


23 


■every  floor,  a billiard-room  for  the  free  use  of  its  guests,  costly  fumituro,  a charming 
flower-garden  and  park  of  palmetto  trees  attached,  occupying  one  of  the  most  elevated 
situations  in  the  city,  and  with  a cuisine  equal  to  the  best  in  the  country,  it  presents 
attractions  which  are  found  in  but  few  other  places  in  the  South.  The  Mansion  House 
is  down-town,  nearer  to  the  depot  and  wharves,  and  is  roomy,  comfortable  and  well- 
managed.  The  Lucy  Cottage,  on  one  of  the  quietest  and  pleasantest  residence  streets, 
is  a retreat  in  active  demand  among  those  who  know  of  its  superior  attractions. 


RESIDENCE  OF  HON.  S.  A.  SWANN,  FERNANDINA. 


HABT’S  KOAD  JUNCTION,  Nassau  county,  is  in  the  midst  of  a pine  forest,  in- 
11  miles  from  Femandina,  tcrspersed  with  ridges  of  fertile  soil ; and  is  the  point  where 
1**  “ “ Cedar  Key,  the  new  short  line  of  the  Jacksonville  Branch  diverges  from 

the  main  line. 

ITALIA,  a flag  station,  also  in  Nassau  county,  is  the  seat  of  a flourishing  lumber 
7 ms.  from  Hart’s  lioad  Jc.,  and  brick-making  business  conducted  by  Mr.  Wm.  MacWil- 
18  “ “ Fernandina,  liams.  It  lias  a post-office,  and  is  in  the  heart  of  pine 

137  “ " — Cedar  Key.  forests  rife  with  undeveloped  wealth. 

CALLAHAN,  in  Nassau  county,  is  a telegraph  station  and  the  crossing-place  of 
9 miles  from  Italia,  the  East  Florida  Eailroad,  (Waycross),  extending  from  Jack- 

27  “ “ Fernandina,  sonville  to  Waycross  and  Savannah,  Georgia.  The  country 

Cedar  Key.  aHout  Callahan  is  undulating  and  well  settled,  and  the  soil 


128 


is  good,  as  is  evidenced  by  some  of  the  finest  crops  of  corn,  vegetables,  etc.,  to  be 
seen  in  the  State.  The  lumber  interest  is  a flourishing  industry,  and  the  place  is  one 
■of  some  commercial  importance.  Here  vast  quantities  of  the  products  of  the  penin- 
sula destined  by  the  all-rail  routes  to  Northern  markets  are  transferred  from  the 
Elorida  Eailway  and  Navigation  Company’s  tracks  to  the  “Waycross”  road;  and  in 
the  season  of  winter  travel  the  vicinity  of  the  depot,  with  hundreds  of  passengers 
with  their  luggage  in  process  of  transfer  to  and  from  the  several  trains,  make  up  a 
lively  daily  scene  of  activity  and  apparent  confusion. 


24 


DUTTON  is  an  important  shipping  and  manufacturing  point  for  lumber,  turpen- 
10  miles  from  Callahan,  tine  and  resin.  The  elevation  here  is  forty-five  feet  above 

37  " “ Fernandina,  the  sea  level,  and  the  surrounding  lands  are  generally  of  a 

418  “ “ Cedar  Key,  productive  character,  having  a sub-soil  of  clay  which  adds 

to  their  fertility.  Dutton  is  a flag  station,  and  is  in  Nassau  county. 

BRANDY  BRANCH,  also  in  Nassau  county,  is  in  most  respects  similar  to  Dut- 
4 miles  from  Dutton.  ' ton,  the  manufacture  of  turpentine,  resin  and  lumber  being- 
41  “ “ Fernandina.  the  chief  industries.  The  neat  farms  and  fine  crops  which 

m “ *'  Cedar  Kpv.  may  ]je  seen  hereabouts  give  evidence  of  the  fertility  of  the 


soil. 

BALDWIN,  in  Duval  county,  is  one  of  the  most  important  railroad  centres  in  the 

6 m.  irom  Brandy  Branch,  State.  Here  the  track  of  the  Central  Division  crosses,  al- 

47  “ “ Fernandina,  most  at  right  angles,  the  track  of  the  Western  Division  ex- 

108  “ “ cedar  Key.  tending  from  the  Chattahoochee  river  to  Jacksonville.  Trains 

over  both  Divisions  make  close  connections  at  Baldwin  in  every  direction,  four  trains 
leaving  the  station  twice  each  day.  The  environment  of  Baldwin  is  low,  flat  and  un- 
inviting, yet  the  elevation  is  forty-seven  feet  above  the  sea,  and  the  place,  surrounded, 
as  it  is,  by  almost  interminable  pine  forests,  is  reputed  to  be  as  healthy  as  any  in  the 
State,  and  by  no  means  an  unpleasant  place  of  residence.  At  no  distant  day  there 
will  doubtless  be  here  a mammoth  hotel  for  the  accommodation  of  the  traveling  pub- 
lic, and  the  traveler  can  now  find  comfortable  quarters  and  excellent  fare. 

MAXYILLE,  Duval  county,  is  a flag  station,  and  the  site  of  extensive  lumber 
8 miles  from  Baldwin,  7 mills  and  turpentine  works.  It  is  fifty-seven  feet  above  the 
55  “ “ Fernandina,  sea,  and  is  surrounded  by  some  of  the  finest  timber  lands  in 

“2 " “ Cedar  Key.  the  State. 

HIGHLAND,  in  Clay  county,  is  a telegraph  station,  and  is  the  highest  point  on 

7 miles  from  Maxvilie,  the  line,  being  two  hundred  and  ten  feet  above  tide-water,  on 

62  “ “ Fernandina,  a ridge  from  which  the  surface-waters  flow  eastward  into  the 

12 — “ " Cedar  Key,  st.  John’s  river,  and  westward  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Its. 

elevated  position  and  healthful  surroundings  have  attracted  a considerable  popula- 
tion, and  it  is  a fast-growing  and  prosperous  village. 

LAWTEY,  Bradford  county,  is  a charming  village,  chiefly  settled  by  Northern 
4 miles  from  Highland,  people,  whose  tasteful  residences,  thrifty  orange  groves  and 
66  “ “ Fernandina,  well-cultivated  vegetable  farms  are  a pleasure  to  behold. 

12 '1 Cedar  Key.  Many  winter  visitors  find  here  all  the  enjoyments  of  a Flor- 

ida sojourn,  including  excellent  shooting.  The  altitude  is  one  hundred  and  forty  feet, 
and  the  neighboring  pine  forests  give  an  exhilarating  tone  to  the  constant  breezes 
from  gulf  and  sea.  Considerable  quantities  of  oranges  and  vegetables  are  shipped 
from  here. 

BURRIN,  a flag  station,  is  in  Bradford  county,  where  there  are  extensive  saw- 
l%  miles  from  Lawtey,  mills  and  turpentine  stills.  The  country  is  rolling  and  the 
67 K “ “ Fernandina,  soil  fertile  far  beyond  the  extent  indicated  by  its  appearance. 

87^  “ “ Cedar  Key.  Some  of  the  finest  orange  trees  on  the  line  can  be  seen  here, 

and  the  shipments  of  vegetables  are  large 

TEMPLE,  also  a flag  station,  in  Bradford  county,  is  similar  to  Burrin.  A large 
3'A  miles  from  Burrin,  vegetable  and  orange  crate  manufactory  is  in  operation  here, 
72  “ “ Fernandina,  in  connection  with  Temple’s  mills.  The  proprietor,  Capt.  S. 

88  “ “ cedar  Key,  j Temple,  is  one  of  Bradford  county's  most  substantial  and 

public-spirited  citizens,  and  has  established  a tram-road  to  Kingsley,  six  miles  distant, 
one  of  the  most  attractive  and  prosperous  places  in  this  region.  It  is  ten  miles  from 
Middleburg,  the  head  of  navigation  for  steamboats  on  Black  creek,  a tributary  of  the 
St.  John’s  river,  and  is  situated  on  the  shore  of  Kingsley  Lake,  a beautiful  sheet  of  clear 


25 


water,  almost  perfectly  circular  and  about  two  miles  in  diameter,  whose  surface  is 
some  ninety  feet  above  tide-water,  giving  on  its  outlet  to  Black  creek  a magnificent 
water-power.  The  lake  is  surrounded  by  high,  wooded  banks,  and  the  vicinity  is  set- 
tled by  a colony  of  enterprising  Northern  people.  Hunting,  fishing,  boating,  etc.,  are 
among  the  amusements  enjoyed  by  many  winter  visitors,  who  find  pleasant  quarters 
in  private  families. 


ALACHUA  SINK. 


STARKE,  a telegraph  station  in  Bradford  county,  is  a thriving  and  prosperous 
X mile  from  Temple,  town  of  about  eight  hundred  inhabitants,  delightfully  situ- 

73  " " Fernandlna,  ated  “ among  the  pines,”  and  surrounded  by  a rich  farming 

Cedar  Key,  country.  There  are  a number  of  pretty  lakes  in  its  vicinity. 

The  soil  is  a rich,  dark  loam,  unsurpassed  for  orange  and  vegetable  culture,  and  its 
advantages  have  attracted  the  attention  of  a number  of  capitalists  who  claim  to  have 
found  here,  after  visiting  other  portions  of  the  State,  the  most  promising  facilities 
for  orange  growing  on' a large  scale.  One  “ syndicate,”  from  Delaware  county,  New 
York,  has  recently  cleared,  fenced  and  planted  out  a grove  of  over  one  hundred  acres 
in  area,  and  other  parties  have  gone  into  the  business  to  an  almost  equal  extent. 
Starke  has  a flourishing  school,  known  as  Starke  Institute,  which  is  liberally  patron- 
ized. The  Telegraph,  published  by  W.  W.  Moore,  is  the  county  paper,  although  the 
county-seat  is  at  Lake  Butler,  some  miles  in  the  interior,  where  there  is  another  paper 
published — the  Times.  Extensive  shipments  of  oranges  and  vegetables  are  made 
from  Starke,  and  large  quantities  of  the  famous  “ Sea  Island  ” cotton  are  produced  in 
the  vicinity. 

THURSTON,  a flag  station,  is  a place  of  thrifty-looking  orange  groves,  neat  cot- 
Tmiles  from  Starke, tages  and  productive  vegetable  farms,  with  fields  of  fine  corn, 

77  “ “ Fernandlna,  sugar-cane  and  other  crops  abounding  on  every  side.  Large 

78  “ “ Cedar  Key,  quantities  of  syrup,  sugar,  oranges,  vegetables  and  other  pro- 

ducts are  annually  shipped  from  this  point. 


26 


WALDO,  in  Alachua  county,  is  one  of  the  most  prosperous  and  Important  places 
' 7 miles  Horn  i-iTur^u.iT, — on  the  Division.  It  occupies  an  important  position  as  the 
84  “ “ Fernamlina,  junction  of  the  Southern  with  the  Central  Division,  from 

71  “ '*  Cedar  Key,  whence  depart  all  trains  for  Ocala,  Wildwood,  Leesburg,  etc. 

Waldo  is  situated  in  the  centre  of  the  best  portion  of  the  great,  fertile  county  of 
Alachua,  and  is  destined  to  be  a place  of  important  commercial  interests.  It  is  one 
hundred  and  fifty  feet  above  the  sea,  and  contains  about  seven  hundred  inhabitants, 
among  whom  it  numbers  some  of  the  most  enterprising  citizens  of  the  county  and 
State.  East  of  the  town  lies  a perfect  net-work  of  lakes,  large  and  small,  which  give 
to  the  country  round  about  its  significant  name  of  the  Central  Lake  Region  of  the 
State.  Lying  but  a few  miles  distant  to  the  east  is  Lake  Santa  Fe,  the  largest,  and 
between  it  and  Waldo  is  Lake  Alto,  considerably  smaller.  The  Santa  Fe  Canal  Com- 
pany, whose  Chief  Engineer  and  local  representative,  Capt.  Ned.  E.  Farrell,  is  one  of 
the  most  prominent  of  the  citizens  above  referred  to,  have  recently  completed  their 
canal  from  Waldo  into  and  across  Lake  Alto,  and  thence  across  a narrow  neck  of 
land  into  Lake  Santa  Fe,  giving  access  by  means  of  a small  steamer  to  one  of  the 
finest  agricultural  sections  of  the  State.  The  shore-line  thus  reached  is  some  thirty 
miles  in  extent,  and  embraces  connection  with  Melrose,  at  the  eastern  extremity  of 
the  lake,  from  whence  to  Green  Cove  Springs,  on  the  St.  John’s  river,  a line  of  railway 
is  in  course  of  construction.  It  is  a fact  no  less  remarkable  than  well  authenticated, 
that  the  orange  groves  in  the  vicinity  of  Waldo  have  scarcely  suffered  at  all  from  the 
effects  of  the  severe  cold  spells  which  have  visited  the  State  during  the  past  few 
years,  while  large  trees  situated  many  miles  farther  south — in  some  instances  over 


SUNRISE  ON  ORANGE  LAKE. 


one  hundred  miles — have  been  killed.  This  apparent  immunity  from  frost  has  been, 
no  doubt  truly,  attributed  to  the  presence  of  natural  protection,  such  as  bodies  of 
water,  forests,  etc.  At  Fort  Harlee,  three  miles  northeast  of  Waldo,  stands  the  cele- 
brated “oldest  orange  tree  in  Florida,”  belonging  until  recently  to  the  estate  of  the 
late  D.  S.  Place,  Esq.,  of  Waldo,  one  of  Florida’s  noblest  adopted  citizens,  who,  after 
giving  for  years,  without  hope  or  thought  of  reward,  of  his  time  and  substance  to 


VIEW  IN  J A.  HARBIS’  GROVE.  CITRA. 

Florida’s  interests,  finally  gave  his  life  itself  to  her  service,  dying  while  on  duty  as 
her  representative  at  the  Atlanta  Exposition.  This  noble  tree  measures  nine  feet  in 
•circumference  about  the  trunk,  is  thirty-seven  feet  high,  and  has  borne  10,000  oranges 
in  a single  year.  Its  age  is  unknown,  but  its  existence  as  the  only  tree  in  the  State 
■of  its  age  and  size,  demonstrates  the  fact  that  this  region  is  at  least  the  safest  for 
•orange  culture.  Some  of  the  groves  about  Waldo  are  as  nearly  perfect  in  every  re- 
spect as  one  could  wish  to  see.  Mr.  S.  J.  Kennard,  whose  experience  is  one  that 
■ought  to  be  familiar  to  every  settler  in  Florida,  has  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most 
productive  groves  of  its  age  in  Florida,  within  three  minutes’  walk  of  the  Waldo  de- 
pot. His  success  is  largely  due  to  careful,  patient  labor  and  attention,  and  he  is  one 
•of  the  shining  examples  of  what  a poor  man  can  do  in  Florida.  He  is  also  largely 
■engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  peaches,  his  favorite  and  most  successful  varieties  be- 


28 


ing  the  Chinese  Peen-to  and  the  ‘ ‘ Kennard  ” peach,  introduced  into  Florida  by  himself, 
from  seed  given  him  by  a friend  who  brought  it  from  Yokohama,  Japan,  and  now  also 
known  as  the  Honey  peach.  With  these  varieties  he  has  made  a remarkable  success, 
receiving  at  the  rate  of  $6  and  $7  per  bushel  for  them  in  the  Eastern  markets.  Grapes- 
of  all  varieties  are  also  cultivated  hereabouts  with  success,  among  them  the  celebra- 
ted Black  Hamburg,  bunches  of  which  have  been  produced  in  the  open  air  weighing 
three  and  four  pounds.  Waldo  has,  besides  saw  mills  and  turpentine  works  in  its  vi- 
cinity, a flourishing  cigar  manufactory.  Episcopal,  Methodist,  Presbyterian  and  Bap- 
tist Churches  are  established  and  flourishing,  as  well  as  excellent  schools.  The  only 
newspaper  is  the  Advertiser,  published  by  Mr.  J.  B.  Johnston. 

FAIRBANKS,  Alachua  couuty,  is  a flag  station,  and  a very  pleasant  and  attractive 
8 miles  from  Waldo,  new  settlement,  inhabited  chiefly  by  a colony  of  Western 
92  “ “ Fernandina,  people,  whose  thrifty  and  industrious  ways  have  already 

63  ‘‘  “ Cedar  Key,  made  their  mark  upon  the  country  round  about. 

GAINESVILLE,  Alachua  county,  is  the  county-seat,  and  the  only  city  on  the  line 
6 miles  from  Fairbanks,  between  Fernandina  and  Cedar  Key.  Its  growth  during  the 
98  “ “ Fernandina,  past  few  years  has  been  phenomenal,  and  it  has  become  a 

“ Cedar  Key,  distributing  point  for  the  trade  of  a large  and  rich  section  of 

country.  The  city  has  a population  of  about  4,000  and  is  situated  on  the  edge  of 

a vast  tract  of  the  richest  hammock  lands,  at  an  elevation  of  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
eight  feet  above  the  sea.  It  has  long  been  noted  as  a place  of  unusual  sanitary  at- 
tractions, and  is  already  a popular  and  pleasant  place  of  resort  for  winter  visitors. 
The  streets  are  wide  and  shady,  and  the  business  portion  of  the  place  contains  a num- 
ber of  substantial  and  well-arranged  buildings.  A number  of  the  best  business  houses, 
together  with  the  two  principal  hotels,  were  recently  destroyed  by  fire,  but  rebuild- 
ing has  commenced,  and,  as  in  most  similar  cases,  the  buildings  destroyed  will  be 
speedily  replaced  by  better  and  larger  ones.  A handsome  new  court-house  is  among 
the  projected  improvements,  and  a new  depot  building  will  soon  be  erected  by  the 
Florida  Railway  and  Navigation  Company,  to  accommodate  its  rapidly  increasing 
business. 

The  East  Florida  Seminary,  a State  Institution,  endowed,  like  the  West  Florida 
Seminary,  (Literary  Department  of  Florida  University),  at  Tallahassee,  with  an  ex- 
tensive grant  of  public  land,  is  one  of  the  most  complete  educational  institutions  in 
the  State.  It  has  a military  department  under  the  instruction  of  an  officer  of  the 
U.  S.  Army,  and  is  in  a most  prosperous  and  promising  condition. 

Alachua  county,  in  the  vicinity  of  Gainesville,  abounds  with  natural  curiosities 
and  places  of  interest  to  the  sight-seer.  “ Paine’s  Prairie,”  two  miles  from  the  city, 
once  indeed  a veritable  prairie,  four  miles  wide  and  nine  or  ten  miles  in  length,  is 
now  a lake  on  whose  waters  plies  a miniature  steamer  bringing  oranges  and  other 
products  from  the  countless  groves  and  farms  which  surround  its  fertile  shores.  The 
name  Alachua,  (Big  Jug),  is  said  to  be  derived  from  a great  natural  “sink”  which 
once  formed  the  outlet  to  the  “ Prairie,”  but  which  became  clogged  up  some  years 
since,  creating  the  present  lake.  The  “ Devil’s  Mill  Hopper”  is  another  natural  curi- 
osity, situated  four  or  five  miles  northwest  of  the  city.  It  consists  of  a “sink,”  or 
deep  hole  in  the  ground,  almost  circular  and  always  partially  filled  with  water ; and 
though  many  small  streams  pour  constant  supplies  of  water  into  its  depths,  the  water 
within  it  never  rises  beyond  a certain  point.  Innumerable  small  lakes  abound  in  all 
directions,  affording  unlimited  fishing  and  shooting  of  water-fowl,  while  the  fields 
and  woods  are  plentifully  stocked  with  partridges,  deer  and  other  game. 

Gainesville  is  a railroad  centre  of  no  insignificant  proportions.  Besides  the 
Florida  Railway  and  Navigation  Company’s  road,  to  which  its  growth  and  prosperity 
so  far  have  been  chiefly  due,  it  is  the  western  terminus  of  the  Florida  Southern  Rail- 


29 


■way,  a narrow-gauge  road  which  connects  Gainesville  with  Palatka,  with  a branch 
southward  to  Ocala  and  Leesburg.  It  is  also  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Savannah, 
Florida  and  Western  Railway  Company’s  Florida  system,  extending  from  Live  Oak. 

Alachua  county,  in  common  with  Marion,  Bradford,  Baker,  Columbia,  Suwannee, 
Hamilton  and  Madison  counties,  is  noted  for  its  production  of  the  long-staple  cotton, 
and  at  Gainesville  is  located  the  extensive  cotton-ginning  establishment  of  H.  F.  Dut- 
ton & Co.,  whose  chief  business  is  the  proper  preparation  of  the  staple  for  the  manu- 
facture of  thread  by  the  Willimantic  Thread  Company.  The  culture  of  early  vegeta- 
bles for  shipment  to  Northern  markets  had  its  first  distinct  impetus  in  this  county, 
and  the  rich  lands  lying  along  the  railroad  between  Starke  and  Bronson,  in  Levy 
county,  still  produce  the  bulk  of  those  products  shipped  from  this  portion  of  the 
State. 

The  United  States  Land  Office  is  located  at  Gainesville.  The  Alachua  Advocate  is 
the  principal  newspaper.  The  Farmer's  Journal,  recently  established,  is  conducted  by 
M.  M.  Lewey,  a talented  colored  man,  and  member  of  the  State  Legislature.  The 
first  named  recently  began  the  issue  of  a daily  edition.  The  Plaindealer  is  also  pub- 
lished here. 

Hotels  : American  House. 

ARREDONDO  is  a telegraph  station,  in'Alachua  county,  and  is  chiefly  noted  for 
6 miles  from  Gainesville,  the  large  quantities  of  vegetables  produced  in  its  vicinity  for 
104  “ “ Fernandina,  shipment  to  Northern  markets.  This  industry  has  been 

51  " " Cedar  Key’  steadily  increasing  in  volume  and  profit  for  several  years, 

and  the  inexhaustible  fertility  of  the  soil  is  annually  demonstrated.  The  station 
takes  its  name  from  the  famous  Arredondo  grant,  in  the  midst  of  which  vast  tract  of 
several  thousand  acres  the  city  of  Gainesville  and  several  adjacent  villages  are  situ- 
ated. Over  one  hundred  thousand  crates  of  vegetables  have  been  shipped  from  this 
rich  region  in  a single  season.  Strawberries,  the  earliest  grown  in  the  State,  are 
shipped  from  here  and  from  the  vicinity  of  Gainesville  in  immense  quantities,  the 
earliest  bringing  in  the  New  York  market  from  $2  to  S3  per  quart. 

PALMER,  (formerly  Battonville),  is  another  great  shipping  point  for  early  vege- 
~4  miles  from  Arredondo,  tables  and  oranges.  In  the  vicinity  are  also  a number  of 
108  “ “ Fernandina,  saw-mills  and  turpentine  works.  The  lands  are  rich  and 

“ “ Cedal~  Key-  productive,  and  the  neighborhood  is  filling  up  with  thrifty 

ruck-farmers  and  fruit-growers. 

ARCHER,  also  in  Alachua  county,  is  a flourishing  little  place,  depending  largely 
5 miles  from  Palmer,  upon  the  culture  of  vegetables  and  fruits  for  its  prosperity. 
113  “ “ Fernandina,  Large  quantities  of  corn,  cotton,  sugar-cane  and  other  crops 

42  “ “ Cedar  Key.  are  aiso  raised  in  the  vicinity.  An  extensive  nursery  of  fruit 

trees  is  located  at  Archer.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  some  wonderful  crops  have  been 
raised  from  it.  One  grower  last  year  realized  as  the  net  profit  from  half  an  acre  of 
cucumbers  the  handsome  sum  of  $290,  and  similar  instances  are  not  uncommon. 

BRONSON,  in  Levy  county,  is  a telegraph  station,  is  the  county-seat,  and  con- 

9 miles  from  Archer] tains  a population  of  about  four  hundred.  A number  of 

122  “ “ Fernandina,  large  saw-mills  in  the  vicinity  are  kept  in  constant  operation 

33  “ " Cedar  Key.  ^y  the  demand  for  building  material  from  the  rapidly  in- 

creasing numbers  of  new  settlers.  The  place,  being  just  on  the  edge  of  the  great 
Gulf  Hammock,  is  a popular  resort  for  sportsmen.  Not  far  from  Bronson  exists  a 
valuable  and  extensive  deposit  of  iron  ore,  the  only  one  of  the  kind  known  in  the 
State,  from  which  small  quantities  of  iron  have  from  time  to  time  been  produced.  A 
large  furnace  was  in  process  of  erection  to  utilize  this  product  near  the  close  of  the 
civil  war,  and  but  for  the  collapse  of  the  Confederacy  it  is  probable  that  a portion  of 
the  Southern  army  would  have  been  supplied  with  implements  and  ammunition  from 


30 


this  source.  The  practical  development  of  this  rich  deposit  is  only  a question  of 
time.  The  Levy  County  Times  is  the  county  paper. 

OTTER  CREEK,  a flag  station  in  Levy  county,  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  the 
12  miles  from  Bronson,  Gulf  Hammock,  and  its  surroundings  are  interesting  and 
134  “ “ Fernandina,  unique.  A jolly  old  sailor,  Captain  Mason,  entertains  royal- 

21  *'  “ Ceflar  Key-  ly  the  numerous  hunting  parties  which  stop  here  to  enjoy 

the  shooting,  which  is  of  the  rarest,  the  hammock  being  overrun  with  game  of  all 
kinds.  A few  miles  distant  is  the  well-known  Gulf  Hammock  House  of  Captain  Win- 
gate, which  is  crowded  with  guests  during  the  season  from  all  parts  of  the  country  and 
Europe,  who  make  it  their  headquarters  for  the  winter’s  campaign  against  the 
myriads  of  game  of  all  kinds. 

ROSEWOOD  is  a flag  station,  in  Levy  county,  and  is  a favorite  resort  for  hunts- 
11  miles  from  otter  Creek,  men  and  fishermen.  Vegetable  farms  flourish  here,  the  soil 
145  “ “ Fernandina,  being  very  rich.  The  lumber  business  is  also  becoming  heavy 

10  " “ Cedar  Key.  and  profitable. 

CEDAR  KEY.  This  place  is  the  terminus  of  the  Central  Division,  and  is  situ- 
10  miles  from  Rosewood,  ated  upon  one  of  a series  of  small  islands  or  “keys”  lying 
155  *‘  “ Fernandina.  close  to  the  main  land  and  surrounded  by  the  deep  waters 

of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  forming  a capacious  and  excellent  harbor.  The  neighboring 
islands,  Atsena  Otie,  Depot  Key,  etc.,  are  inhabited,  and  the  last  named  principally 
occupied  by  the  extensive  “cedar-mills”  of  A.  W.  Faber  & Co.,  where  immense  quan- 
tities of  cedar  wood  of  the  finest  quality,  brought  from  various  localities  up  and 
down  the  coast,  are  cut  into  suitable  shape  for  the  manufacture  of  the  celebrated 
“ Faber  ” pencils,  and  shipped  thence  to  the  manufactories.  The  sponge  trade  is  also 
a prominent  feature  of  the  commerce  of  the  place,  the  vessels  of  the  sponging-fleets 
which  operate  along  the  Gulf  coast  in  either  direction  making  the  harbor  and  city  a 
depot  of  supplies  as  well  as  a market  for  their  product.  Large  quantities  of  fish, 
oysters  and  turtle  are  also  shipped  hence  all  over  the  State,  and  latterly,  by  preserva- 
tion in  ice,  to  the  cities  of  Georgia  and  other  interior  states. 

Cedar  Key  has  been  for  many  years  the  chief  distributing  point  for  the  trade  of 
the  lower  Gulf  ports,  being  the  only  Gulf-coast  point  on  the  peninsula  reached  by  rail. 
The  completion  of  rail  communication  with  Tampa  will  cut  off  a portion  of  its  trade 
perhaps,  but  it  will  always  be  a prominent  trading  point,  and  the  development  of  the 
many  valuable  industries  in  its  vicinity,  and  the  rapid  settlement  of  the  adjacent 
country,  will  enable  it  to  hold  its  own,  if  not  to  grow  rapidly.  Its  fine  harbor,  giving 
easy  access  to  the  largest  vessels,  will  also  command  for  it  an  extensive  trade  from 
the  Western  States  by  way  of  New  Orleans.  Lines  of  steamships  ply  regularly  be- 
tween Cedar  Key  and  New  Orleans,  Key  West,  Tampa,  Manatee  and  Havana,  con- 
necting with  Atlantic  ports  and  Northern  cities  by  means  of  trains  of  the  Florida 
Railway  and  Navigation  Company’s  roads.  Steamboat  lines  also  connect  Cedar  Key 
with  the  rich  country  lying  along  the  Suwannee  river,  whose  mouth  is  only  a few 
miles  up  the  Gulf  coast. 

Hotels  : The  Suwannee  is  a large,  new  hotel,  kept  in  the  best  style. 


JACKSONVILLE  BRANCH. 


This  new  line,  formerly  known  as  the  Fernand ina  and  Jacksonville  Railroad,  was 
constructed  in  1882  to  meet  the  pressing  demand  for  a direct  connection  between 
Femandina  and  the  St.  John’s  river  region.  The  line  runs  over  the  track  of  the  Cen- 
tral Division  from  Fernandina  to  Hart’s  Eoad  Junction,  eleven  miles  distant,  thence 
diverging  in  a direction  almost  due  south.  From  Hart’s  Koad  Junction  to  Jackson- 
ville the  distance  is  twenty-two  miles,  and  the  only  stations  intervening  are  flag 
stations,  of  little  or  no  commercial  importance. 

TYSONIA,  the  most  important,  is  the  seat  of  an  extensive  turpentine  business, 
conducted  by  Mr.  H.  C.  Tyson,  who  has  a fertile  little  farm  and  a charming  home. 

DUVAL,  the  next  station  southward,  is  near  the  edge  of  a vast  savanna,  among 
the  pine  woods,  and  has  also  a considerable  turpentine  business. 

PANAMA,  and  CEMETERY,  the  first  near  Panama  Park,  a pleasant  suburb  ‘of 
Jacksonville,  and  the  latter  at  Evergreen  Cemetery,  are  in  the  midst  of  a dense  ham- 
mock, lying  between  Jacksonville  and  Trout  creek,  in  the  “ clearings”  of  which  may 
be  seen  many  handsome  suburban  residences  and  fruitful  vegetable  farms  and  market 
gardens. 

JACKSONVILLE,  thirty-three  miles  from  Femandina,  is  the  terminus  of  the 
Branch,  whose  trains  run  directly  into  the  City  a few  blocks  east  of  its  business  cen- 
tre, delivering  its  passengers  at  Bay  street,  whence  the  lines  of  street  cars,  omnibuses 
and  other  vehicles  transport  them  in  a few  minutes  to  any  portion  of  the  city. 

It  is  not  to  be  expected  that  a description  of  the  City  of  Jacksonville,  the  largest 
place  in  the  State  except  Key  West,  should  be  given  here.  To  do  so  would  be  a work 
of  supererogation,  for  to  assume  that  any  reader  of  this  pamphlet  does  not  know  all 
that  we  could  tell  of  Florida's  vigorous,  prosperous  young  metropolis,  would  be  to 
reflect  upon  his  or  her  intelligence.  Jacksonville  is  known  the  world  over,  almost, 
as  the  great  centre  of  attraction  and  the  chief  objective  point  of  all  winter  travel  to 
Florida;  and  as  “all  roads  lead  to  Borne,”  so  all  lines  of  transportation  into  Florida 
lead  to  Jacksonville,  radiating  thence  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  State. 


VIE  \V  IN  H AllRIS’  SHOVE,  OKANGE  LAKE. 

WALDO,  on  the  Central  Division,  is  the  point  where  the  track  of  the  Southern 
84  m.  ir.  Fernandma.  Division  diverges,  in  a direction  nearly  southeast,  and  has 
105  “ “ withiacoochee  e.  already  been  described. 

DIXIE,  the  next  station,  is  a flag  station  in  Alachua  county,  commonly  known  as 
9 m.  fr.  Waldo]  Campville,  where  there  is  an  extensive  manufactory  of  the 

93  “ “ Fernandina,  finest  building-brick  in  the  world,  the  clay  found  here  being 

96  “ “ withiacoochee  E.  especially  adapted  to  the  purpose,  and  the  works  being  com- 
plete in  every  particular.  Four  miles  west  of  Campville,  on  the  margin  of  Lake  New- 


SOUTHERN  DIVISION. 


34 


nan,  is  the  mu?h-talked-of  new  town  of  Windsor,  for  a description  of  which  we  refer 
to  the  advertisements  of  Messrs.  Griffin  & Clarkson,  of  Jacksonville.  Windsor  is  a 
“ temperance  town,”  the  title  deeds  to  all  lots  forbidding  the  manufacture  or  sale  of 
spirituous  liquors,  on  pain  of  forfeiture. 


DUNN'S  PARK,  OCALA. 

HAWTHORNE,  also  in  Alachua  county,  is  a thriving  and  prosperous  village, 
6m.  fr.  Dixie,  situated  in  the  centre  of  a rich  section,  the  soil  of  which  has 

99  “ “ Fernandina,  a fine  clay  sub-soil,  in  places  mixed  with  shell  and  marl,  and 
90  “ withiacoochpp  it.  especially  adapted  to  the  culture  of  the  peach  and  the 

orange.  Hawthorne  has  about  500  inhabitants,  having,  it  is  stated,  doubled  its  popula- 
tion within  the  past  eighteen  months.  The  Florida  Southern,  (narrow-gauge),  Railroad, 
extending  from  Gainesville  to  Palatka,  here  crosses  the  track  of  the  Florida  Railway 
and  Navigation  Company,  adding  considerably  to  the  importance  of  the  place  as  a 
railroad  centre.  The  altitude  here  is  about  150  feet  above  the  sea,  and  the  adjacent 
pine  forests  make  the  place  one  of  the  most  healthful  in  the  State.  Handsome 
churches  and  excellent  schools,  numerous  stores  full  of  heavy  stocks  of  goods,  and 
scores  of  attractive-looking  and  substantial  residences,  make  Hawthorne  one  of  the 
most  prosperous-looking  places  on  this  Division.  A number  of  pretty  lakes  in  the 
vicinity  add  a charm  to  the  landscape,  and  the  shores  of  Lochloosa  are  but  a few 
miles  distant.  The  roads  in  the  vicinity  are  excellent,  and  good  teams  can  be  pro- 
cured. Game  abounds,  and  the  lakes  are  full  of  fine  fish. 

Three  and  a half  miles  east  of  the  town  is  the  Magnesia  Spring,  already  a favorite 
place  of  resort  for  both  residents  and  visitors.  It  is  forty-five  feet  wide  and  seventy 
feet  long,  oval  in  shape,  and  of  an  average  depth  of  about  thirteen  feet.  The  water 
is  perfectly  clear  and  of  a bluish  cast,  and  is  discharged  at  the  rate  of  about  1.500 
gallons  per  minute.  The  temperature  is  72  degrees  Fahrenheit,  and  ample  facilities 
are  provided  for  bathing,  for  both  sexes. 


35 


ORANGE  AVENUE,  OCALA. 

An  extensive  deposit  of  natural  phosphates  exists  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Spring,  as 
well  as  a ledge  of  sandstone  of  excellent  quality  for  building  purposes. 

The  orange  groves  about  Hawthorne  are  particularly  thriving  in  appearance,  and 
the  business  of  growing  early  vegetables  for  shipment  is  rapidly  attaining  large  pro- 
portions. In  one  of  the  numerous  groves  may  be  seen  three  trees  about  twenty-five 
years  old,  which  annually  yield  to  their  owner  (Mr.  Adkins)  thirty  thousand  oranges, 
paying  a net  profit  for  each  tree  of  nearly  S200. 

LOCHLOOSA,  which  takes  its  name  from  the  beautiful  lake  on  whose  banks  it  is 
7 m.  fr.  Hawthorne,  situated,  is  an  important  station,  being  connected  by  steam- 

106  “ “ Fernandina,  ers  with  the  almost  numberless  landings  and  orange  groves 
83  “ “ Withiacoochee  R.  on  Lochloosa  and  Orange  lakes,  the  former  being  four  miles 
long  and  six  wide,  while  the  latter  is  fifteen  miles  in  length  and  from  two  to  three 
miles  wide,  the  two  being  connected  by  a deep  and  navigable  channel.  Large  quan- 
tities of  oranges  and  vegetables  are  brought  to  Lochloosa  station  for  shipment  from 
the  landings  and  groves  on  these  lakes.  The  shores  of  Lochloosa,  lined  with  dense 
groves  of  stately  palms  and  magnificent  magnolias,  interspersed  with  orange  groves, 
settlements  and  vegetable  farms,  present  a rare  picture  of  semi-tropical  scenery 
whose  equal  it  would  be  hard  to  find,  even  in  Florida ; while  its  waters  and  islands 
are  the  abode  of  innumerable  water-fowl,  and  the  adjacent  forests  abound  with  all 


manner  of  game.  Large  quantities  of  fish  of  various  kinds  are  taken  from  the  lake 
for  shipment  to  Northern  and  interior  markets. 

From  Lochloosa  the  railroad  passes  along  the  lake  shore  and  onward  towards 
the  eastern  arm  of  Orange  Lake,  which  it  crosses  on  a long  trestle  resting  upon  piles, 
and  reaches  on  the  south  shore  the  celebrated  groves  of  Messrs.  Harris  and  Bishop, 
in  Marion  county,  passing  directly  between  them  for  nearly  a mile.  Along  this  divid- 
ing line  between  the  two  groves  about  twelve  hundred  of  the  finest  trees  had  to  be 
removed  to  make  room  for  the  construction  of  the  track.  These  are  the  largest  nat- 
ural groves  in  Florida.  They  are  situated  in  the  midst  of  a vast  rich  hammock,  the 
trees  being  of  natural,  spontaneous  growth,  in  the  places  where  they  now  stand, 
budded  to  the  best  sweet  varieties.  The  Harris  grove  contains  nearly  two  hundred 


RESIDENCES  AT  BELLEVIEW.— (SEE  PAGES  XXV  AND  XXVI.) 

acres  of  bearing  trees,  standing  rather  thicker  than  those  ordinarily  set  out,  and 
yielding  last  year  a crop  worth  $60,000,  while  the  crop  of  the  present  year  is  expected 
to  produce  not  less  than  $75,000  or  $80,000.  The  Bishop  grove,  belonging  to  Hon.  P. 
P.  Bishop,  of  San  Mateo,  on  the  St.  John’s  river,  contains  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
of  trees,  mostly  in  bearing. 

Here,  then,  is  the  native  home  of  the  orange  tree,  where  it  grows  wild  like  any 
other  forest  tree,  the  shoots  from  the  roots  springing  up  in  even*  direction,  and  even 
interfering  with  the  cultivation  of  the  adjacent  fields  and  gardens,  and  becoming  a 
veritable  pest,  as  troublesome  as  hazel-bushes  in  a Northern  corn-field.  The  removal 
of.  these  wild  shoots  to  nurseries  and  there  budding  them  with  sweet  varieties  has 
developed  into  a profitable  industry,  one  grower  having  thus  realized  the  handsome 
sum  of  $20,000  in  a single  season.  And  here  is  the  beginning,  the  upper  edge,  as  it 
were,  of  what  is  justly  known  as  “the  orange  belt,”  through  which  for  a hundred 
miles  or  more  the  trains  of  the  Florida  Bailway  and  Navigation  Company  pursue 
their  busy  way,  giving  access  and  egress  to  and  from  one  of  the  most  interesting 
regions  of  travel  on  the  American  continent. 


a? 


CITRA,  in  Marion  County,  formerly  Orange  Lake,  is  situated  just  beyond 
6 m.  fr.  Lochioosa, — : ' the  Bishop  and  Harris  groves,  about  a mile  from  the 

112  “ “ Fernandina,  lake  shore,  and  is  surrounded  by  the  same  dense  hammock 
77  “ " Withiacoochee  R.  growth.  In  its  vicinity  is  the  splendid  home  of  Florida’s 
Orange  King,  Mr.  J.  A.  Harris,  the  owner  of  the  grove  described  above.  He  is  a 
young  man  of  fine  physique  and  pleasing  address,  and  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of 
the  county,  whose  thorough  business  methods,  modest  deportment  and  sterling  worth 
have  won  sincere  respect  from  all  who  know  him. 

The  handsome  and"  extensive  groves  of  Messrs.  John  F.  Dunn,  of  Ocala,  Church, 
Brown  & Allen,  J.  O.  Matthews,  Lindsay  & Co.,  and  a dozen  or  more  others,  adjoining 
the  two  larger  groves,  make  up  a vast  tract  of  over  2,000  acres  of  solid  grove  adjacent 
to  Citra  station. 

SPARR,  a flag  station  in  Marion  county,  is  an  important  shipping-point  for 

5 m.  fr.  Citra — oranges,  vegetables,  etc.,  and  the  excellent  lands  in  the 

117  “ “ Fernandina,  vicinity  are  being  rapidly  settled  up.  The  situation  is  ele- 
72  “ “ withiacoochee  B.  yated  and  healthy,  and  the  people,  especially  new-comers,  con- 
tented and  prosperous. 

ANTHONY  PLACE,  in  the  same  county,  is  similar  to  Sparr,  situated  on  a high, 
‘4m.fr.  Sparr,  healthy  pine  plateau  which  has  been  inhabited  and  cultivated 

121  “ “ Fernandina,  since  the  days  of  the  earliest  settlement  of  the  county.  The 
68  11  “ Withiacoochee  B.  COuntry  in  its  vicinity  is  rapidly  filling  up  with  an  excellent 
class  of  immigrants. 


SILVER  SPRING  JUNCTION.  Here  the  Silver  Spring  Branch,  two  miles  long, 
9 m.  fr.  Anthony  Place,  enables  all  trains  to  be  run  to  the  very  edge  of  the  great 

130  “ “ Fernandina,  Silver  Spring,  which  is  so  well  known  to  all  who  have  ever 

so  “ “ Withiacoociiee  e.  iieard  0f  Florida,  that  but  a few  words  of  description  are 
needed  here.  This  vast  circular  basin,  six  hundred  feet  in  diameter  and  nearly  fifty  feet 
in  depth,  is  the  source  of  a river  navigable  for  small  steamboats,  known  as  Silver 
Spring  Run,  and  which  empties  into  the  Ocklawaha  river,  about  nine  miles  distant. 
Notwithstanding  its  great  depth,  the  water  is  so  clear  that  the  smallest  object  can  be 
seen  on  the  bottom.  Before  the  completion  of  the  present  line  of  railway  the  only 
means  of  transportation  to  Silver  Spring  was  by  the  long  and  tedious  voyage  up  the 
Ocklawaha  river.  Now  the  tourist  can  visit  this  remarkable  and  interesting  place 


NATURAL  CAVE  AT  BELLE  VIEW. — (SEE  PAGES  XXV  AND  XXVI.  I 

without  incurring  the  discomforts  and  loss  of  time  requisite  for  the  voyage ; or,  if  he 
desires,  can  reach  the  Spring  by  rail,  and  after  his  tour  through  the  peninsula  is  over, 
return  to  the  Spring  and  take  the  steamer  down  the  Ocklawaha. 

Hotels:  Westervelt  House,  where  excellent  accommodations  can  be  had,  as 
well  as  boats  for  use  in  viewing  and  enjoying  the  wonders  of  the  Spring. 

Boabding-houses  : M.  E.  Ross. 

OCALA.  This  vigorous  and  prosperous  little  city  has  a population  of  about 
4 m.  fr.  Silver  Spring  Jc.,  2,500,  is  the  county-seat  of  Marion  county,  is  situated  in  the 
134  “ “ Fernandina,  centre  of  one  of  the  richest  regions  of  the  State,  and  is 
55  “ “ Withiacoochee  K.  manifestly  destined  to  be  the  chief  city  and  distributing 
point  of  the  great  orange  belt.  The  intense  energy  and  public  spirit  of  its  people  have 
been  severely  tested  by  a recent  conflagration  which  consumed  in  a single  day  over 
$350,000  worth  of  its  best  business  property,  comprising  four  entire  blocks  of  over 
fifty  buildings.  This  awful  calamity,  which  occurred  in  November.  1883,  instead  of 
operating  as  a discouragement,  only  seemed  to  incite  the  inhabitants  to  new  vigor, 
and  to  de  velop  more  rapidly  than  ever  the  wonderful  spirit  of  enterprise  and  progress 


39 


-which  had  already  begun  to  show  its  fruits  in  the  rapid  and  substantial  growth  of  the 
place.  Already  most  of  the  locations  occupied  by  the  destroyed  buildings  are  the 
sites  of  far  finer,  larger  and  more  substantial  structures,  the  erection  of  which  in  so 
short  a time  has  not  only  seemed  a marvel  second  only  to  enchantment,  but  has  had 
the  effect  of  encouraging  the  erection  of  additional  buildings  outside  of  the  burnt 
district. 

The  old  Ocala  House,  itself  one  of  the  best  and  lai’gest'  hotels  south  of  Jackson- 
ville and  west  of  the  St.  John’s  river,  has  been  replaced  by  a magnificent  brick 
structure  with  a front  of  two  hundred  and  thirty-eight  feet  on  the  public  square,  and 
extending  back  a depth  of  one  hundred  and  sixty-seven  feet,  and  capable  of  aceom- 


COKN  AND  COTTON  FIELDS  AT  BELLEVIEW.— (SEE  PAGES  XXV  AND  XXVI.) 


modating  over  four  hundred  guests.  The  new  Ocala  House  has  been  leased  by  the 
proprietor  of  the  former  house,  Col.  L.  M.  Thayer,  and  all  who  know  him  agree  that 
the  pi'ospect  for  a brilliant  season  for  the  new  hotel  is  assured. 

Large  brick  stores  of  modern  style  and  ample  capacity  have  arisen  from  the 
ashes  of  their  predecessors  on  ever3-  side,  and  these,  with  the  handsome  and  commo- 
dious new  brick  court-house,  which  stands  in  the  centre  of  the  public  square,  give 
■Ocala  more  the  appearance  of  a real  city  than  that  of  any  interior  place  in  the  State. 
A telephone  exchange,  excellent  an  J well-stocked  livery  stables,  a sprightly  and  well 
conducted  weekly  paper  (the  Banner ),  and  handsome  Macadamized  streets,  add 
largely  to  the  metropolitan  aspect  of  the  place. 

Not  far  from  the  city  lies  a large  deposit  of  excellent  building-stone,  which  when 
first  quarried  is  soft  and  easily  dressed,  and  rapidly  hardens  on  exposure  to  the 
weather. 

Ocala  is  surrounded  on  every  side  by  thrifty  and  profitable  orange  groves,  one  of 
the  largest  being  the  famous  grove  of  Mr.  Adam  Eichelberger,  the  pioneer  of  orange 
culture  in  the  county,  who  ships  annually  from  4,000  to  5,000  boxes  of  the  finest  fruit, 
and  who  will,  as  soon  as  his  younger  trees  begin  to  bear,  have  a grove  of  fully  4,000 


40 


trees  in  bearing.  Mr.  C.  M.  Brown,  the  owner  of  the  Ocala  House,  has  several  fine 
groves,  and  one  of  Ocala’s  chief  attractions  consists  of  its  long  avenues  (known  as 
Orange  and  Lemon  avenues),  lined  on  either  side  with  groves  of  hearing  trees.  Four 
miles  from  the  city  is  the  oldest  grove  in  the  county,  known  as  Hiawatha  Grove,  and 
belonging  to  Dr.  J.  E.  Stubbert,  many  of  the  trees  of  which  are  thirty-five  feet  in 
height  and  nearly  forty  years  old. 

Col.  John  F.  Dunn,  one  of  Ocala’s  chief  citizens,  also  owns  a number  of  excellent 
and  valuable  groves.  He  is  the  founder  of  the  Bank  of  Ocala,  and  the  owner  of 
Dunn’s  Park,  a charming  spot,  almost  in  the  centre  of  the  city,  consisting  of  a splen- 
did orange  grove  embowered  among  giant  live  oaks  draped  with  long,  graceful 
sprays  and  festoons  of  Spanish  moss. 

The  astonishing  increase  in  the  population  and  commercial  importance  of  Ocala 
and  the  rich  section  of  country  surrounding  it  has  been  largely  due  to  the  efforts  of 
such  men  as  Col.  Dunn,  Mr.  Brown  and  Mr.  J.  K.  Coachman,  the  last-named  being  a 


LAKE  WEIR. 

civil  engineer  of  high  repute,  and  the  agent  of  the  great  Disston  land  companies  for 
Marion  and  other  adjacent  counties.  Real  estate  transactions  have  extended  and 
multiplied  so  rapidly  within  the  past  few  months  as  to  require  the  establishment  of 
an  abstract  office  on  the  plan  adopted  in  northern  states,  which  is  under  the  charge  of 
the  Bacon  & Adams  Abstract  Company,  and  is  proving  a great  convenience  to  pur- 
chasers. 

Hotels:  Ocala  House,  Magnolia  House. 

Ttjscawilla,  five  miles  from  Ocala,  and  Belleview,  twelve  miles  from  Ocala, 
are  new  settlements  rapidly  being  built  up  by  new  comers  from  other  states. 

LAKE  WEIR  STATION,  otherwise  known  (from  the  name  of  its  post-office)  as 
16  m.  tr.  Ocala,  Whitesville,  is  the  place  of  debarkation  for  all  travel  bound 

iso  “ “ Fernandina,  for  the  vicinity  of  Lake  Weir,  which  lies  about  two  miles 
39  “ “ Withiacoochee  B.  distant,  and  is  one  of  the  most  charming  sheets  of  water  in 
the  State,  surrounded  by  beautiful  residences  embowered  in  orange  groves.  The  soil 


41 


hereabouts  is  unusually  productive,  and  has  been  known  to  yield,  besides  the  finest 
of  oranges  and  vegetables,  a crop  of  1,000  melons  to  the~acre.  The  lake  is  about 
seven  miles  long  and  four  miles  in  width,  with  sloping  and  sometimes  precipitous 
banks  from  ten  to  eighty  feet  in  height.  Its  Indian  name  is  said_to  have  been  “The 
Lake  of  the  Full  Moon,”  and  its  picturesque  environmentjias  attracted  a population 


VIEWS  NEAR  PAN ASOFKEE  LAKE. 


of  wealthy  winter  residents  and  industrious  settlers,  whose  energetic  labors  are 
rapidly  converting  it  into  a perfect  paradise. 

OXFORD,  Sumter  county,  is  a flag  station  and  shipping  point  for  quantities  of 
6 yt  m.  £r.  Late  Weir,  ' melons  and  early  vegetables  produced  in  the  vicinity.  It  is 
156%  “ “ Fernandina,  a growing  place,  and  offers  many  inducements  to  the  immi- 
32^  “ “ With’coochee  R.  grant,  chief  among  which  are  its  healthy  situation  and  good 


soil. 


42 


WILDWOOD,  in  Sumter  county,  is  the  most  thoroughly  wide-awake  and  enter- 
3^  m_  fr.  oxford,  prising  of  the  many  new  towns  recently  evolved  like  magic 

160  “ “ Fernandina,  from  the  wilderness  by  the  extension  of  the  Florida  Rail- 

29  “ “ with’coochee  B.  way  aiK]  Navigation  Company’s  lines.  It  is  happily  situated 

in  the  midst  of  the  pine  woods,  just  on  the  edge  of  the  Withlaeooehee  hammock. 


which  extends  on  either  side  of  the  Withlaeooehee  river  (sometimes  called  the  With- 
lacoochee  of  the  South,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  xlver  of  the  same  name  which  rises 
in  Georgia  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Madison  and  Hamilton  counties,  empty- 
ing into  the  Suwannee  at  EllaviJle),  from  the  lower  edge  of  Sumter  county  to  the 
lower  edge  of  Levy  county,  and  which  contains  some  of  the  most  gigantic  trees  east 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  One  famous  live  oak  is  said  to  measure  thirty-seven  feet  in 
■circumference  around  the  trunk,  and  several  cypress  trees  have  been  found  from  four 
to  seven  feet  in  diameter. 

Wildwood  is  well  named,  for  until  the  construction  of  the  railroad  the  place 
where  it  stands  was  a wilderness  indeed,  sparsely  populated  by  a simple  and  worthy 
people,  who  viewed  the  onward  progress  of  the  iron  highway  with  amazement.  They 
are  rapidly  becoming  accustomed,  however,  to  the  advance  of  civilization  into  their 
heretofore  quiet  domain,  and  take  kindly  to  modern  practices,  as  will  be  seen  by  the 
following  communication  recently  received  by  one  of  the  officials  of  the  Company. 

“ Sie  : — Myself  and  many  of  my  friends  would  be  pleased  occasionally  to  take  a 
ride  on  the  R.  R.  Please  tell  me  of  the  best  way  of  obtaining  such  privilege.” 

It  is  rumored  that  a reply  was  forwarded  suggesting  to  this  “anxious  enquirer” 


LIVE  OAKS,  PANASOFKEE  RUN. 


43 


that  one  way  to  accomplish  his  desire  was  to  get  on  intimate  terms  with  the  con- 
ductors, and  another,  less  objectionable  to  the  Company,  was  to  interview  the  ticket- 
agent  and  purchase  a ticket  before  getting  on  the  cars. 

At  Wildwood  the  Leesburg  Branch  deflects  from  the  main  line  in  a southeast- 
wardly  direction,  passing  through  a rich  country,  partially  hammock,  and  opening  up 
to  settlement  one  of  the  most  desirable  sections  of  the  peninsula.  The  Orange-Leaf 
is  published  at  Wildwood,  weekly. 

Hotels  : Withlacoochee  House. 

PANASOFKEE,  situated  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  lake  of  the  same 
8 m.  fr.  Wildwood,  name,  in  Sumter  county,  is  another  of  the  vigorous  young 

168  “ “ Femandina,  towns  which  have  sprung  up  as  if  from  the  effects  of  witch- 
2i  “ ••  Withlacoochee  R.  craft,  along  the  line  of  railroad  as  it  lias  progressed  south- 
ward. Its  situation  is  unusually  favorable,  in  the  midst  of  heavily  timbered,  rich 
lands.  A number  of  stores  are  in  operation  and  doing  an  excellent  business,  and 


lands  which  a few  months  ago  could  hardly  be  sold  for  any  price  are  being  rapidly 
disposed  of  at  high  figures. 

There  are  a number  of  fine  orange  groves  in  the  vicinity,  whose  condition  and 
history  demonstrate  the  peculiar  adaptability  of  soil  and  climate  for  this  fruit.  In 
one  grove,  that  of  Mr.  Geo.  Marsh,  may  be  seen  a tree  thirty-eight  years  old,  the 
stem  of  which  is  three  feet  in  circumference,  and  from  which  were  shipped  in  1883  twen- 


TKACY’S  LANDING,  PANASOFKEE  LAKE. 


44 


ty-two  boxes  of  superior  fruit.  Another  tree,  in  the  Townes  grove,  yielded  twenty-seven 
boxes,  and  five  trees  in  Mr.  Geo.  White's  grove  yielded  in  a single  season  twelve 
thousand  oranges.  A large  number  of  young  groves,  nearly  old  enough  to  bear, 
demonstrate  the  capacity  of  the  soil  for  producing  quick  growth,  and  the  fact  that 
none  of  the  trees  in  the  vicinity  suffered  any  damage  from  recent  severe  frosts  gives 
additional  evidence  of  the  special  advantages  this  region  possesses  for  orange 
culture. 

The  commercial  importance  of  Panasol'kee  may  be  better  appreciated  when  it  is 
stated  that  steamboats  plying  on  the  Withlacoochee  river  can  pass  through  the  natural 
channel  or  “ run”  into  and  thence  around  the  lake,  thus  connecting  the  railroad  -with 
the  entire  navigable  portion  of  the  river,  and  opening  up  for  settlement  and  trade  a 
territory  almost  unequaled  in  resources  by  any  portion  of  the  State.  The  Panasofkee 
Democrat,  weekly,  has  recently  been  established. 

Sumterville,  two  miles  southeast  of  Panasofkee,  is  the  seat  of  government 
of  Sumter  county,  and  has  always  been  a place  of  considerable  importance.  Tin- 
Sumterville  Times  is  the  only  newspaper,  and  the  Sumterville  Hotel,  by  J.  G.  R. 
Hamilton,  is  the  principal  hotel. 

Oriole,  one  of  the  many  wonderful  and  vigorous  new  settlements  which  are  spring- 
ing into  life  all  along  the  line  of  the  road,  is  only  about  four  or  five  miles  west  of  the 
line,  hi  Hernando  county ; and  Floral  City,  another,  is  hi  the  same  county,  on  Lake 
Charla- Apopka,  whose  waters  are  connected  with  the  Withlacoochee,  giving  access  to 
steamers  from  the  railroad  at  Panasofkee. 

From  Panasofkee  to  the  present  terminus  of  the  road,  at  the  place  where  it 
crosses  the  Withlacoochee  river,  the  distance  is  twenty-one  miles.  The  country 
beyond  is  like  that  last  above  described,  and  when  opened  up  to  travel  and  settlement- 
by  the  railroad  in  its  progress  towards  Tampa,  its  next  objective  point,  will  offer 
some  of  the  most  extraordinary  inducements  to  settlers  to  be  found  anywhere  in  the 
State.  Already  the  lands  along  the  projected  line  of  the  road  are  being  eagerly 
sought  after,  and  prospectors  are  busy  finding  and  making  locations.  Messrs.  Bush- 
nell  & Campbell,  real  estate  agents,  Panasofkee,  are  doing  good  work  in  this  direction. 

From  Wildwood,  Panasofkee  and  the  terminus  of  the  road  the  comfortable 
coaches  of  the  South  Florida  Stage  Company  convey  passengers  in  all  directions. 


LEESBURG  BRANCH. 


WILDWOOD,  on  the  Southern  Division,  is  the  junction  of  the  main  line  with  the 
n;o  miles  from  Fernandina,  Leesburg  Branch,  and  has  been  already  mentioned,  and  de- 
22  “ “ Tavares.  scribed  in  that  portion  of  this  pamphlet  devoted  to  the  South- 

ern Division. 


JUNCTION  OF  PANASOFKEF.  RUN  WITH  WITHLACOOCHEE  EIVEE. — SULPHUR  SPRING. 


BAMBOO,  the  first  station  out  from  Wildwood,  is  a flag  station,  from  whence 
5 miles  from  Wildwood,  considerable  shipments  of  vegetables  are  already  made, 
ir,5  “ “ Fernandina,  produced  on  the  excellent  soil  in  the  vicinity.  Some  of  the 

17  “ “ Tavares.  finest  vegetables  shipped  over  the  Line  were  produced  in  the 

vicinity  of  Bamboo  last  season. 


46 


HOTEL  AND  STATION  AT  TAVARES. 

water’s  edge,  and  containing  pure,  clear  water  which  reflects  every  detail  of  the  foliage 
of  the  giant  pines  and  other  trees  by  which  they  are  surrounded.  Thrifty  settlements, 
orange  groves  and  vegetable  farms  are  seen  in  every  direction,  mostly  occupied  by  a 
colony  of  sturdy,  well-educated  and  enterprising  young  English  gentlemen.  Promi- 
nent among  the  many  beautiful  places  is  “ Windermere,"  the  charming  home  of  Major 
O.  P.  Rooks,  who  came  here  four  years  ago  from  Philadelphia  and  settled  on^th<- 
shore  of  one  of  the  largest  and  prettiest  of  the  numerous  lakes.  Here  he  has,  by 
wonderful  industry  and  perseverance,  and  without  any  previously  acquired  skill  or 
experience,  on  a soil  which  to  a Western  farmer  would  appear  too  poor  to  pay  for 
cultivation,  without  the  use  of  any  commercial  fertilizers,  surrounded  his  cozy  home 
with  a perfect  wealth  of  fruits  of  all  kinds,  demonstrating  not  only  the  fitness  of  the 
soil,  but  the  capabilities  of  the  man  (which,  after  all,  has  most  to  do  with  success  in 
any  occupation),  to  produce  fruits  in  large  variety  and  of  the  first  quality.  Over  one 
hundred  distinct  varieties  of  fruits  are  successfully  cultivated  on  this  place,  including 
many  which  are  generally  supposed  to  be  unsuited  to  the  Florida  climate,  such  as 
apples,  pears,  etc. 

Large  quantities  of  early  vegetables  are  shipped  annually  from  Montclair,  the 
product  of  the  Fruitland  Park  farms,  as  well  as  from'Fruitland  Park  station,  on  the 
Florida  Southern  Railroad. 


MONTCLAIR  is  a station  of  considerable  importance,  from  whence  large  quan- 
41/  miiBS  from  Bamboo)  tities  of  produce  are  shipped.  A large  mercantile  business 
169K  “ “ Fernandina,  is  conducted  by  Dunning,  Hollinshed  & Co.,  at  their  mam- 

12K  “ “ Tavares.  moth  store  which  stands  alongside  the  railroad  track. 

Two  miles  north  of  Montclair,  close  to  the  western  end  of  Lake  Griffin,  is  Fruit- 
land  Park,  a lovely  place  situated  on  a high  “black-jack  ridge,”  amid  a score  of 
charming  lakes  of  different  sizes,  all  having  high,  grassy  banks,  sloping  gently  to  the 


47 


LEESBURG  is  one  of  the  oldest  places  in  this  part  of  the  county,  and  has  quite 
2>£  m.  from  Montclair,  the  appearance  of  a city.  It  was  for  some  years  the  county- 
172  “ “ Fernandina,  seat,  and  is  the  most  important  commercial  place  in  the 

10  “ “ Tavares.  county,  doing  a large  mercantile  business  with  the  region 

lying  about  lakes  Harris  and  Griffin.  It  is  situated  on  a narrow  peninsula  separating 
the  two  lakes  named,  whose  shores  are  lined  for  long  distances  with  what  were  once 
wild  groves  of  orange  trees,  but  are  now  fine,  profitable  budded  groves. 

Less  than  a mile  away,  with  a substantial  tramway  leading  thence  from  the  main 
street  of  the  town,  is  the  landing  on  Lake  Harris,  where  miniature  steamers  which 
ply  its  waters  arrive  and  depart  to  and  from  the  numerous  landings  and  orange 
groves  along  its  coast,  into  lakes  Griffin,  Dora  and  Eustis,  and  up  and  down  the 
Ocklawaha  river,  connecting  at  Fort  Mason,  on  Lake  Eustis,  with  trains  on  the  St. 
John’s  and  Lake  Eustis  Railroad  for  Astor  on  the  St.  John’s  river.  This  road  is  now 
being  rapidly  extended  to  Leesburg,  with  the  expectation  of  reaching  that  place 
during  the  coming  autumn  or  winter. 

At  Leesburg  the  track  of  the  narrow-gauge  road  (Florida  Southern)  has  its  present 
termination,  being  projected  thence  southward  into  Orange  county.  The  extension 
of  the  railroads  to  and  through  Leesburg  has  created  a revolution  in  the  real  estate 
business  in  the  vicinity,  and  land-seekers  can  hardly  fail  to  find  ample  opportunity 
for  selections  at  reasonable  prices.  Messrs.  McCracken,  Bacon  & Co.  and  J.  Nat 
Moore  are  the  principal  land  agents. 

Boabding-hotjses  : D.  D.  Roach. 

TAVARES,  the  present  terminus  of  the  Leesburg  Branch,  in  Orange  county,  is  a 
10  miles  from  Leesburg,  most  prosperous  and  flourishing  place,  whose  destinies  are 
182  “ “ Fernandina,  in  the  hands  of  active,  progressive  and  public-spirited  men. 

36  “ “ Orlando.  Situated  in  the  centre  of  a region  of  navigable  lakes,  whose 

borders  in  the  near  future  will  be  lined  with  groves  and  settlements  and  farms,  and 
enjoying  unusual  facilities  of  railway  connection  in  all  directions,  it  is  apparently 
destined  to  become  a great  distributing  point  and  a place  of  extensive  commercial 
importance. 

Tavares  is  the  initial  point  of  the  Tavares,  Orlando  and  Atlantic  Railroad,  which 
is  projected  through  the  heart  of  Orange  county  and  eastward  to  the  Atlantic  coast, 
and  is  almost  completed  to  Orlando,  the  county-seat  and  chief  city  of  that  county 
situated  on  the  South  Florida  Railroad,  and  which  will  give  to  the  immense  travel 
which  annually  finds  its  way  into  Orange  county,  a direct,  all-rail  route,  over  the 
Florida  Railway  and  Navigation  Company’s  lines  and  this  new  road. 


WESTERN  DIVISION. 


CHATTAHOOCHEE  KIVER.  This  is  -the  western  terminus  of  the  Western 
209  miles  from  Jacksonville,  Division,  (formerly  Florida  Central  and  Western  Railroad), 
S-fil  “ “ Pensacola.  _ and  is  a landing  on  the  Chattahoochee  river,  or,  more  prop- 

erly, the  Apalachicola  river,  which  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Chattahoochee  and 
Flint  rivers  about  a mile  above  the  landing.  Just  below  the"landing^the  iron  bridge 

of  the  Pensacola  and  Atlantic  Rail- 
road crosses  the  river,  and  its 
tracks  extend  thence  to  the  Union 
Depot  at  River  J unction,  a distance 
of  about  one  mile.  Here  all  trans- 
fers are  made  to  and  from'  the 
Western  Division,  the  Pensacola 
and  Atlantic  and  the  Savannah, 
Florida  and  Western  railroads, 
the  latter  having  in  operation  a 
branch  road  from  here  to  a junc- 
tion with  its  line  between  Bain- 
bridge,  on  the  Flint  river,  and 
Savannah.  Of  course,  all  through 
passenger  and  freight  trains  between  Jacksonville  and  Pensacola  and  New  Orleans 
merely  stop  at  River  Junction,  without  transfer. 

At  the  landing  are  extensive  wharves,  depot-buildings  and  an  inclined  tramway, 
operated  by  steam,  to  facilitate  the  transfer  of  freights,  etc.,  and  a small  hotel  for  the 
accommodation  of  passengers  bound  up  or  down  the  river.  Here  the  trains  of  the 
Western  Division  connect  with  the  several  lines  of  steamers  plying  between  Apalachi- 
cola, situated  on  the  Gulf  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  Columbus,  Georgia,  the  head 
of  navigation.  These  steamers,  though  small,  are  very  comfortably — and  some  of 
them  elegantly — finished  and  furnished,  and  are  numerous  enough  to  give,  in  the 
winter  season,  a tri-weekly  connection  in  either  direction. 

The  country  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  river  is  low  and  flat,  and  covered 
with  a dense  forest  growth,  embracing  a large  number  of  varieties,  including  the 
almost  extinct  Florida  Yew,  and  the  unique  Torreya  Taxifolia,  (popularly  believed  to 
be  identical  with  the  “ shittim-wood  ” of  Scripture),  its  chief  peculiarities  being  that  it 
is  to  be  found  nowhere  else  on  the  American  continent,  and  that  its  wood  is  practi- 


50 


cally  indestructible — logs  having  been  known  to  lie  embedded  in  the  mud  of  the 
swamps  and  river  bottoms  undecayed  for  many  years.  Beyond  the  river  bottoms 
great  hills,  almost  mountainous  in  height  and  appearance,  rise  abruptly  to  a height 
of  a little  over  three  hundred  feet,  being  the  highest  point  in  Florida. 

CHATTAHOOCHEE  STATION,  a flag  station  in  Gadsden  county,  is  the  station 
3 m.  tr.  Chattahoochee  R.,  for  Chattahoochee  village  and  the  State  Asylum  for  the 
206  “ “ Jacksonville.  Indigent  Insane,  both  of  which  occupy  commanding  posi- 
tions on  the  summit  of  one  of  the  highest  hills,  north  of  the  railroad. 

The  Asylum  is  situated  on  the  site  of,  and  occupies  the  buildings  formerly  belong- 
ing to,  the  United  States  military  post  established  here  in  1834  by  General  Jackson, 
then  military  Governor  of  the  Territory.  The  buildings  are  of  the  most  substantial 


character,  being  all  of  brick,  arranged  in  the  form  of  a hollow  square,  enclosing,  with 
the  high  brick  wall  which  connects  them,  a smooth  plaza,  shaded  by  large  trees  and 
carpeted  with  grass.  The  property  comprises  about  1,700  acres,  and  much  of  it  is 
under  cultivation  as  a farm  for  the  production  of  forage,  vegetables,  etc.,  for  the  use 
of  the  Asylum.  It  was  donated  by  the  Federal  Government  to  the  State  shortly  after 
the  war.  The  view  from  the  tower  is  one  of  the  finest  panoramas  of  beautiful  land- 
scape scenery  to  be  seen  south  of  Lookout  Mountain,  and  a visit  to  the  asylum  is  one 
of  the  most  pleasant  and  interesting  episodes  a tourist  could  desire. 

Boarding-houses  : II.  II.  Spear. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT,  a way-station,  is  chiefly  noted  as  the  location  of  the  exten- 
8 m.  fr.  Chattahoochee s.,  sive  Hermitage  Vineyards  of  the  late  Col.  M.  Martin,  Sur- 
u “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  veyor-General  of  the  State,  which  lie  about  five  miles  north 
198  “ “ Jacksonville.  0f  the  depot,  and  where  are  growing  many  varieties  of 
grapes,  including  the  Hartford  Prolific,  Ives,  Concord,  Delaware,  Martha,  Cynthiana, 
and  a number  of  Rogers’  Hybrids,  as  well  as  the  hardy  Seuppernong.  Large  quan- 
tities of  wine  are  annually  manufactured  and  stored  in  the  great  wine-cellars,  and 
portions  of  the  earlier  vintages  have  been  sold,  bringing  highly  remunerative  prices, 


51 


and  being  celebrated  for  their  excellent  quality.  The  vineyards  were  established  in 
1869.  The  recent  death  of  the  proprietor  may  bring  tnis  magnificent  property  into 
market.  There  are  a number  of  other,  though  smaller,  vineyards  in  the  county, 
which  are  a source  of  handsome  profit  to  their  owners. 

QUINCY  is  the  county-town  of  Gadsden  county,  and  is  a snug  and  charming  little 
9 m.  fr.  Mt.  Pleasant,  place,  containing  about  800  inhabitants.  It  is  one  of  the 
20  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  oldest  towns  in  Middle  Florida,  having  been  incorporated  in 
iso  “ “ Jacksonville.  1828.  It  is  delightfully  situated  at  an  elevation  of  290  feet 
above  the  sea,  and  its  environment  is  exceedingly  picturesque.  Just  north  of  the 
town  is  the  beautiful  valley  of  the  Attapulgus.  On  all  sides  rise  the  wooded  hills 
which  form  the  great  charm  of  Middle  Florida.  Baptist,  Methodist  and  Presbyterian 
churches,  a handsome  brick  school-building  and  a well-preserved  and  commodious 
court-house  adorn  the  town,  besides  numerous  handsome  private  residences  with  well 
cultivated  grounds,  that  of  Judge  J.  E.  A.  Davidson  being  one  of  the  most  attractive, 
and  containing  a great  variety  of  rare  plants  and  flowers,  among  them  several  plants 
of  the  only  real  South  American  Pampas  Grass  in  the  State,  from  which  are  taken 
some  500  magnificent  “plumes”  every  year.  The  grounds  of  Congressman  E.  H.  M. 
Davidson  contain  some  of  the  largest  specimens  of  the  Camellia  Japonica  in  the 
State,  if  not  in  the  South,  one  or  two  of  them  being  some  twenty-five  feet  in  height. 
The  only  weekly  newspaper  in  the  county,  the  Herald,  is  published  here  ; also  the 
Monthly  Educator. 

The  scenery  in  the  vicinity  of  Quincy  is  charming  in  variety  and  picturesque 

attractions.  The  delightful  drives, 
numerous  mineral  springs,  and 
fine  views  which  abound  every- 
where throughout  the  county, 
present  attractions  to  visitors  un- 
surpassed by  any  in  the  State,  and 
the  erection  of  a large  hotel  for 
the  accommodation  of  visitors 
would  be  an  enterprise  returning 
handsome  profits  to  its  proprietors. 


STATE  ASYLUM  FOR  THE  INDIGENT  INSANE  AT  CHATTAHOOCHEE. 

All  the  cereals,  cotton,  sugar-cane,  grasses,  etc.,  flourish  and  are  grown 
extensively.  A crop  of  8,000  pounds  of  oats  was  recently  produced  from  a single  acre. 
Stock-raising  is  largely  engaged  in,  and  the  county  has  long  been  noted  for  its  line 
home-raised  horses. 

The  culture  of  tobacco  has  always  been  one  of  the  important  industries  of  Gadsden 
county.  Many  planters  in  Gadsden  for  years  made  this  their  staple  crop,  while  others* 


52 


large  cotton  planters,  made  it  an  extra  crop,  which,  without  curtailing  the  amount  of 
cotton  produced,  usually  paid  all  the  expenses  of  the  plantation.  The  tobacco  product 
of  the  State  in  1849  (census  of  1850),  was  998,614  pounds,  of  which  Gadsden  county  pro- 
duced 776,177  pounds.  The  crop  of  Gadsden  in  1860  was  estimated  at  1,200,000  pounds, 

and  at  the  price  then  current  return- 
ed to  its  growers  about  8300,000.  In 
1873  the  crop  was  only  about  100,000 
pounds,  and  in  1874  about  200,000 
pounds.  The  crop  of  1879  (census 
of  1880),  was  only  6,677  pounds. 
This  remarkable  falling  off  in  the 
production  of  a staple  crop  from 
which  such  notable  results  had  form- 
erly been  obtained  is  almost  entirely 
attributable  to  the  war,  and  the  high 
prices  of  cotton  immediately  subse- 
quent thereto,  which  tempted  all 
planters  to  grow  cotton  to  the  total 
exclusion  of  every  other  crop.  Be- 
sides this,  many  of  the  elder  genera- 
tion of  planters  who  had  demonstra- 
ted the  success  of  tobacco  culture  in 
the  earlier  day  have  passed  away. 
The  favorable  conditions  of  soil, 
climate,  etc.,  yet  remain,  however, 
and  all  that  Gadsden  county  requires 
to  enable  her  to  equal,  and  in  a brief 
time  far  surpass,  her  former  success 
in  tobacco  culture,  is  the  immi- 
gration into  her  borders  of  a population  of  practical  tobacco-growers  from  Virginia, 
Missouri,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  the  Carolinas,  with  their  knowledge  of  modern 
methods  andfsuch  capital  as  will  enable  them  to  accomplish  results  which  the  im- 
poverished condition  of  her  people  since  the  war  has  prevented.  The  same  natural 
conditions  which  exist  in  Gadsden  are  present  in  nearly  all  the  other  counties  in  Middle 
Florida ; and  the  immigrant  having  a knowledge  of  the  requirements  of  tobacco  culture 
oan'scarcely  go  amiss  in  the  selection  of  a locality  favorable  for  the  prosecution  of  this 
important  and  profitable  industry. 

Hotels  : Quincy  House. 

MIDWAY  is  a small  settlement  containing  one  or  two  stores,  school-house,  and  a 

12  m.  tr.  Quincy, few  dwellings,  in  the  centre  of  a rich  farming  country ; and  at 

32  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  various  places  in  its  vicinity,  along  the  road  between  Midway 
m “ “ Jacksonville.  and  Tallahassee,  are  a number  of  saw-mills.  The  railroad 
crosses  Little  river  between  Quincy  and  Midway,  and  the  Ocklockonee  river  between 
Midway  and  Tallahassee.  The  growth  of  lumber  trees  along  these  rivers  is  very  dense 
and  of  fine  quality,  and  the  logs  are  rafted  down  the  stream  to  the  saw-mills  located  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  railroad,  which  takes  their  products  to  market. 

TALLAHASSEE  is  the  county-seat  of  Leon  county  and  the  Capital  City  of  the 

12  m tr  Midway, State.  It  stands  upon  the  broad  summit  of  a high  hill,  over 

44  “ « Chattahoochee  R.,  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  above  the  sea,  and  with  the  excep- 
165  “ “ Jacksonville.  tion  of  a single  range  of  lower  hills  to  the  southward,  nothing 
intervenes  between  its  position  and  the  Gulf  coast,  twenty-nine  miles  distant,  but  an 
almost  unbroken  forest  of  pine  timber. 


53 


From  the  westward,  the  first  view  of  the  city  gives  but  a faint  idea  of  its  charming 
situation  and  its  elevation.  The  white  buildings  gleam  among  the  green  trees,  and  high 
over  all  rises  the  tall  tower  of  the  courthouse,  from  the  top  of  which  a view  ravishing 
in  its  beaut}7  can  be  obtained.  The  approach  from  the  eastward  is  much  more  inter- 
esting. Four  miles  from  the  city,  the  train  passes  over  a portion  of  the  prettiest  of  the 
upland  lakes  of  this  hill  region — Lake  La  Fayette,  so  named  from  its  situation  in  the 
midst  of  the  noble  estate  granted  by  a grateful  country  to  the  great  French  patriot,  in 
recognition  of  his  services  in  the  Revolutionary  struggle  for  independence.  It  was  a 


LEON  HOTEL,  TALLAHASSEE. 


magnificent  domain  of  over  23,000  acres,  (an  entire  township),  and  contained  some  of 
the  choicest  lands  in  the  State.  Passing  the  lake,  the  road  runs  through  a stupendous 
“ cut”  made  through  a great  hill,  the  grade  to  the  centre  of  the  cut  being  one  of  the 
steepest  on  the  line,  and  in  the  State.  As  the  cars  emerge  from  this  tunnel-like  way, 
first  into  a deep  and  narrow  valley  with  steep  slopes  on  either  side,  and  thence 
debouching  into  the  broader  valley  of  the  “ St.  Augustine  Branch,”  in  the  early  morn- 
ing, a scene  of  beauty  meets  the  eye,  such  as  no  uninformed  tourist  ever  dreamed  of 
beholding  in  Florida.  Great  sloping  hills  rise  as  if  by  magic  on  every  side;  in  front, 
crowning  the  loftiest,  are  the  whitened  walls  and  thousand  windows  of  the  city  shining 
in  the  morning  sun. 

The  population  of  Tallahassee,  within  the  city  limits  proper,  is  given  by  the  census 
of  1880  as  2,494,  but  with  its  outlying  suburbs,  including  the  homes  of  many  of  the 
numerous  operatives  of  the  cotton  factory  and  railroad  car-shops,  it  doubtless  contains 
over  3,500  souls.  Its  healthfulness  is  a proverb  among  all  the  people  of  the  State,  and 
can  be  no  better  illustrated  than  by  stating  that  during  the  summer  of  1882,  its  entire 
sick  list  was  easily  attended  by  a single  physician.  There  were  two  physicians  resident 
in  the  city,  one  of  whom  was  absent  until  midsummer,  and  on  his  return  the  other  left 
with  his  family  on  a visit  to  Virginia.  In  the  early  spring,  and  during  the  autumn 
months  of  September  and  October,  there  is  always  more  or  less  sickness  from  malarial 
causes,  as  in  all  southern  regions  where  rich  lands  and  what  is  known  as  hammock 
growth — meaning  all  timber  growths  except  pine — exist ; but  the  maladies  are  slight, 
easily  yield  to  simple  treatment,  and  are  generally  to  be  entirely  avoided  by  a careful 
attention  to  diet  and  sanitary  precautions. 

Tallahassee  is  full  of  interest  to  the  tourist,  not  only  on  account  of  its  being  the 
seat  of  government,  but  because  of  its  inherent  attractions.  It  was  here  that  the  great 
chiefs  of  the  aborigines  held  their  savage  court ; here  the  Spanish  invaders  of  their 


54 


territory,  in  the  era  immediately  succeeding  the  settlements  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
established  themselves  by  the  occupation  of  the  Gulf  coasts  and  the  erection  of  elab- 
orate forts  and  strongholds,  the  remains  of  which  still  exist ; here  that,  in  a later  day, 
the  military  authorities  of  the  United  States,  under  General  Jackson,  after  taking 
formal  possession  of  the  territory,  established  the  chief  military  post  and  seat  of  gov- 
ernment. Aside  from  its  historical  interest,  Tallahassee  has  always  been  a place  of 
consequence  as  a centre  of  trade.  Long  before  the  Florida  Central  Railroad,  (from 
Jacksonville  to  Lake  City),  the  old  Pensacola  and  Georgia  Railroad,  (from  Lake  City  to 
Tallahassee),  later  called,  with  its  extension  to  Chattahoochee,  the  Jacksonville,  Pen- 
sacola and  Mobile  Railroad,  were  thought  of,  the  Tallahassee  Railroad,  from  St. 
Mark’s  to  Tallahassee,  was  a flourishing  enterprise,  founded  as  early  as  1833  upon  the 
necessities  of  the  immense  trade  even  then  existing  between  St.  Mark’s  and  the  interior. 
In  later  years  the  building  of  railroads  from  the  Atlantic  coast  westward  diverted  this 
trade. 

Two  miles  west  of  Tallahassee  is  the  “Murat  Place,”  a fine  plantation  owned  and 
occupied,  until  her  death,  by  the  widow  of  Prince  Murat,  the  son  of  Napoleon’s  favorite 
Marshal,  afterward  King  of  Naples.  The  Prince,  who  spent  the  last  years  of  his  life 
upon  his  fine  estate  in  Jefferson  county,  and  his  widow,  who  survived  him  many  years, 
lie  side  by  side  in  the  Episcopal  Cemetery  at  Tallahassee. 

Three  miles  westwardly  is  the  site  of  an  old  Spanish  fort  (San  Luis),  upon  the 
broad  summit  of  one  of  the  highest  hills,  where  fragments  of  ponderous  old  iron  armor 
and  heavy  cannon  have  been  found.  In  many  other  localities  are  pointed  out  similar 
remains. 

Tallahassee  has  been  called  the  “Floral  City  of  the  Land  of  Flowers,”  and  well 
deserves  the  name.  Almost  every  dwelling  is  in  the  midst  of  a wilderness  of  flowers, 
which  seem  to  bloom  with  equal  splendor  from  January  to  December. 

The  hard  clay  roads,  winding  gently  over  the  hills  and  through  the  valleys,  under 
over-arching  boughs  and  among  the  fertile  fields,  toward  the  various  beautiful  lakes 
which  abound  throughout  the  country,  afford  the  finest  opportunities  for  pleasant 
drives  and  rides  and  walks  ; all  of  which  are  invited  by  the  clear,  bracing  atmosphere 
and  the  varying  changes  of  the  landscape. 

Lake  Jackson,  the  largest  in  the  county,  lies  nearest  to  the  city,  its  nearest  point 
being  only  about  three  miles.  It  is  a noble  expanse  of  water,  extending  in  a northerly 
direction  a distance  of  some  eighteen  or  twenty  miles,  and  varying  in  width  from  half 
a mile  to  three  miles.  North  of  it  lies  Iamonia,  a veritable  archipelago  on  a small 
scale,  being  full  of  small  islands.  It  is  famous  over  half  the  continent,  among  the 
knowing  ones,  as  the  place  par  excellence  for  the  shooting  of  water-fowl  during  the 
winter  months.  South  of  Tallahassee,  four  miles,  is  Lake  Bradford,  almost  circular 
in  form,  and  about  a mile  and  a half  in  diameter,  its  shores  composed  of  a wide  belt 
of  fine  white  sand,  and  shaded  by  immense  trees.  Twenty  miles  northeast  is  Lake 
Miccosukie,  nearly  as  large  as  Lake  Jackson,  and  forming  a portion  of  the  boundary 
between  Leon  and  Jefferson  counties.  Lake  Hall,  almost  a perfect  crescent  in  shape, 
lies  five  or  six  miles  northeast  from  Tallahassee.  All  these  are  surrounded  by  high 
banks  and  bluffs,  and  the  scenery  is  as  fine  as  in  any  lake  region  in  the  world.  A 
beautiful  and  substantial  little  steamer,  the  “ Jennie-Rossie,”  has  been  placed  on  the 
waters  of  Lake  Jackson  for  the  use  of  pleasure  and  fishing  parties  by  Mr.  E.  W.  Clark, 
a prominent  merchant  of  Tallahassee,  and  a considerable  fleet  of  swift  sail-boats, 
including  one  or  two  of  the  famous  “ Racine”  pattern,  all  belonging  to  citizens  of 
Tallahassee,  beautify  its  waters.  The  boat-houses  are  on  the  extensive  estate  of 
“Rodenwald,”  belonging  to  Mr.  H.  Y.  R.  Schrader,  of  Tallahassee,  on  the  east  side 
of  the  lake,  five  miles  from  the  city,  where  charming  building  lots  for  winter  homes, 
gardens,  truck-farms,  etc.,  are  to  be  had.  The  Thomasville,  Tallahassee  and  Gulf 


55 


Railroad,  now  in  course  of  construction,  winds  along  its  eastern  shore  near  the  water’s 
edge,  and  just  opposite  “ Rodenwald,”  on  the  western  shore,  is  “ Shidz-u-o-ka,”  a 
beautiful  tract  of  some  1,200  acres,  recently  purchased  by  Messrs.  Clark,  Purves  & 
Co.,  who  contemplate  the  erection  of  a hotel  and  a number  of  pretty  villas,  the  winter 
homes  of  those  who  have  purchased  portions  of  the  estate. 

Tallahassee  has  substantial  and  well-appointed  churches,  Baptist,  Methodist, 
Presbyterian  and  Episcopalian,  and  the  Roman  Catholics  have  a chapel  in  the  old 
convent  building,  where  services  are  regularly  conducted  by  a resident  priest.  The 
Hebrew  residents  also  enjoy  religious  services,  but  have  no  synagogue. 

The  Florida  University,  a most  comprehensive  institution  of  learning,  is  located  at 
Tallahassee.  It  comprises  a Literary  Department,  (the  "West  Florida  Seminary,  a State 
institution  endowed  with  a large  grant  of  public  land),  with  schools  of  Languages  and 


Metaphysics,  Natural  Science,  English  Branches  and  History  ; a Military  Department, 
with  its  cadets  organized  under  the  State  Laws  into  a battalion  of  State  Militia ; a 
Medical  Department— the  Tallahassee  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery;  a Polytechnic 
Institute,  with  Schools  of  Civil  Engineering,  Mining  and  Metallurgy,  Mechanics  and 
Architecture,  Arts  and  Commercial  Instruction : a Law  Department  and  Normal 
Institute.  A corps  of  over  twenty-five  competent  professors  and  instructors  are 
engaged  in  the  different  departments.  An  extensive  and  valuable  Museum  of  Anatomy 
and  Natural  History  is  attached  to  the  Medical  Department. 

A larger  number  of  newspapers  are  published  in  Tallahassee  than  in  any  other 
city  in  the  State.  The  Weekly  Floridian,  established  in  1828,  is  the  patriarch  of  the 
Florida  press.  The  Economist  and  Land  of  Flowers  are  weekly.  The  Florida  Immi- 
grant and  State  Journal  of  Education,  formerly  issued  as  the  organ  of  the  State  Board 
of  Immigration,  is  now  issued  monthly  in  the  interest  of  immigration  and  education. 


56 


A flourishing  public  library,  called  the  University  Library,  is  a new  feature  of 
Tallahassee  life,  having  been  organized  in  1883.  It  occupies  a suite  of  pleasant  rooms 
in  a central  and  desirable  location  donated  for  its  use  by  one  of  Tallahassee’s  oldest, 
most  beloved  and  public-spirited  citizens,  Ex-Governor  (now  Judge)  David  S.  Walker. 

The  State  Capitol  is  a roomy,  massive  and  well-preserved  structure  of  imposing 
appearance,  built  in  1834  by  the  military  government  of  the  territory,  and  stands  in  a 
commanding  situation  on  the  extreme  southern  portion  of  the  hill  occupied  by  the 
city.  From  the  eastern  entrance  to  its  well-kept  grounds,  extends  eastwardly  the  St. 
.Augustine  Load,  a military  highway  constructed  by  the  U.  S.  Government  in  territorial 
times  to  connect,  for  purposes  of  military  transportation,  the  capital  with  the  settle- 
ments on  the  Atlantic  coast. 

Tallahassee  is  the  northern  terminus  of  the  St.  Mark’s  Branch,  which  extends  a 
distance  of  twenty-one  miles  to  St.  Mark’s  in  Wakulla  county.  There  are  a number  of 
railroads  projected  to  and  through  Tallahassee,  among  them  the  Thomasville,  Talla- 
hassee and  Gulf  Bailroad,  from  Thomasville,  Georgia,  through  Tallahassee  to  some 
eligible  point  on  the  Gulf  coast,  (probably  Carrabelle,  a thriving  lumber  port  on  the  deep 
waters  of  Dog  Island  Harbor,  at  the  western  end  of  James  Island),  the  preliminary 
surveys  of  which  have  been  completed,  and  the  work  of  grading  commenced.  The  car- 
shops  of  the  old  Florida  Central  and  Western  Bailroad  are  situated  near  the  depot, 
which  latter  is  the  finest  building  belonging  to  the  line,  and  was  built  to  accommodate 
the  general  offices  of  the  old  P.  & G.  B.  B. 

At  the  Tallahassee  cai'-shops  some  of  the  best  railroad  car-building  to  be  found  in 
the  South  may  be  seen.  The  Western  Division  has  some  handsome  sleeping-cars  for 
local  use,  turned  out  from  these  shops,  and  there  is  now  building  one  of  the  most  ele- 
gant and  best  arranged  private  coaches  for  the  use  of  the  President  of  the  Company, 
ever  seen  in  this  section  of  the  countiy.  It  is  complete  in  all  its  appointments,  with 
dining-saloon,  kitchen,  sleeping  apartments,  smoking-room  with  windows  extending 
to  the  floor,  gents’  toilet-room,  ladies’  toilet-room,  and  a private  drawing-room.  It  is 
heated  by  steam,  furnished  and  upholstered  in  the  best  style  throughout,  and  is  a piece 
of  work  that  Master  of  Machinery  Dohoney  may  well  be  proud  of. 

Near  the  depot  stands  the  Tallahassee  Cotton  Factory,  the  only  establishment  of 
its  kind  in  the  State.  It  was  founded  many  years  ago  by  a stock  company,  and  is  now 
owned  by  Mr.  Alexander  McDougall,  who  is  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  fine  yams, 
which  meet  with  a ready  and  profitable  sale.  The  capacity  of  the  mill,  with  a moderate 
addition  of  capital,  could  profitably  be  increased  ten  or  twenty-fold.  A ginning  estab- 
lishment and  grist-mill  are  run  in  connection  with  the  factory.  A planing-mill,  a cigar 
factoiy,  a tan-yard,  (the  only  one  in  the  State),  an  ice  factory,  and  an  extensive  manufac- 
tory of  fine  pressed  brick,  complete  the  list  of  Tallahassee’s  manufacturing  establish- 
ments. Messrs.  B.  C.  Lewis  & Sons  conduct  an  extensive  banking  business,  the  only 
one  in  Middle  Florida.  Tallahassee  has  some  thirty  or  more  stores,  including  three 
drug  stores,  two  book  stores,  news  depot,  furniture  store,  stove  store,  hardware  store, 
and  two  large  livery  stables.  There  are  few  vacant  stores  or  business  places  in  the  city, 
and  a Yiurnber  of  large  brick  store-houses  for  the  accommodation  of  its  increasing  busi- 
ness are  being  erected. 

Leon  county  is  one  of  the  most  fertile  and  prosperous  in  the  State,  producing  large 
crops  of  cotton  and  the  cereals.  Of  late  the  culture  of  tobacco  has  been  largely  engaged 
in,  and  a factory  for  the  manufacture  of  the  product  into  cigars  has  been  established 
and  is  producing  a fine  article.  The  raising  of  fine  blooded  stock,  both  horses  and 
cattle,  has  also  become  a prominent  industry,  and  hundreds  of  valuable  graded  milch 
cows  have  been  sent  to  other  parts  of  the  State,  where  there  is  a constant  and  growing 
demand  for  them . The  business  of  dairying  has  of  late  years  extended  largely,  and 
“Leon  county  butter”  is  in  great  demand  all  over  the  State.  The  raising  of  early 


57 


vegetables  for  shipment  to  Northern  markets  has  been,  and  is  constantly  becoming 
more  and  more  profitable  as  growers  gain  in  experience,  especially  the  crops  of  Irish 
potatoes,  the  product  from  Middle  Florida  having  attained  a high  repute  In  the  North- 
ern markets.  One  grower  in  Leon  county  during  the  last  season  shipped  a lot  of  forty 
barrels  to  New  York,  which  the  dealers  there  actually  reported  as  being  “too  large  for 
the  trade ! ” All  varieties  of  the  grape  are  cultivated  with  success,  and  several  large 
vineyards  have  been  recently  set  out  by  practical  wine-makers  upon  the  fertile  hill-sides. 
The  cultivation  of  the  celebrated  Le  Conte  pear  is  attaining  in  this  county,  as  in  others 
of  Middle  Florida,  a prominence  which  indicates  it  as  the  coming  industry  in  fruits. 
Large  tracts  of  ten  to  fifty  acres  in  extent  have  already  been  set  to  this  wonderful  fruit, 
and  its  cousin,  the  Kiefer  pear,  and  some  of  the  oldest  trees  are  already  bearing,  giving 
most  astonishing  results.  Three  trees  belonging  to  one  grower  produced  thirty  bushels 
of  fruit  in  their  sixth  year,  which  sold  at  S2.75  to  $5.00  per  bushel.  As  the  trees  can  be 
set  as  close  together  as  orange  trees  (say  fifty  to  tlid  acre),  this  would  give  a gross 
income  per  acre,  at  an  average  price  of  S3. 75  per  bushel,  of  SI, 875  ! A Le  Conte  pear 
orchard  is  as  good,  and  in  some  respects  a better  thing  to  have  than  an  orange  grove. 

Hotels  : The  Leon,  a large  modern  house,  constructed  and  owned  by  a local 
stock  company,  has  recently  been  leased  for  a term  of  years  by  Mr.  J.  M.  Lee,  the  well 
known  proprietor  of  the  mammoth  Everett  Hotel  in  Jacksonville,  and  one  of  the  most, 
progressive  and  successful  hotel  managers  in  the  South.  The  Leon  has  accommodations 
for  about  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  guests,  is  first-class  in  all  its  appointments,  with 
service  of  gas  and  water — hot  and  cold — throughout,  and  is  elegantly  furnished.  The 
City  Hotel,  the  oldest  in  the  State,  perhaps,  has  a reputation  and  history  hoary  with  age 
and  shining  with  honors.  It  is  leased  to  Mr.  Geo.  C.  Morgan,  late  of  Alabama,  and  has 
been  thoroughly  renovated,  repaired,  cleansed,  partially  re-furnished,  and  re-christened 
after  its  enterprising  new  proprietor,  “ The  Morgan.”  The  Whitaker  House,  remodeled 
from  a spacious  old  residence,  and  in  a pleasant  and  quiet  though  central  location,  is 
one  of  the  nicest  places  in  the  city.  It  is  kept  by  Mrs.  S.  B.  Hopkins,  whose  old-time 
hospitality  at  her  well-known  former  residence,  “ Goodwood,”  (one  of  the  largest  and 
finest  of  the  many  luxurious  country  seats  of  the  olden  time),  was  a proverb  through  all 
the  region  round  about. 

Boarding-houses  : Mrs.  McIntosh. 

CHAIRES,  a flag  station  in  Leon  county,  is  the  point  of  shipment  of  large  quan- 
12  m.  fr.  Tallahassee,  tities  of  cotton  grown  on  the  rich  lands  of  the  many  large 
56  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  plantations  in  its  Vicinity,  and  during  the  cotton  season  it  is  a, 
153  “ “ Jacksonville.  busy-looking  place. 

LLOl’D,  hi  Jefferson  county,  is  a flourishing  place,  with  post-office,  express- 
6 m.  fr.  Chaires,  office,  a number  of  stores,  and  a cotton-seed  oil  mill,  the  first, 

62  “ “ Chattahoochee  R-.,  one  elected  in  the  State.  Large  quantities  of  cotton-seed 
147  “ ■*  Jacksonville.  products,  syrup,  sugar,  poultry  and  eggs,  besides  other  pro- 
ducts, are  annually  shipped  from  this  station. 

Hotels  : Whitfield  House. 

P inhook  is  a flag  station,  seven  miles  from  Lloyd  and  two  miles  from  Drifton. 

DRIFTON  is  the  junction  of  the  main  line  of  the  Western  Division  with  the  Monti- 

9 m.  fr.  Lloyd, cello  Branch,  which  extends  thence  northwardly  four  miles 

7i  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  to  Monticello,  the  county-seat  of  Jefferson  county.  Trains  on 
13S  “ “ ■Taokannriii'v  the  Branch  connect  regularly  with  all  passenger  and  freight 


trains  on  the  main  line. 

MONTICELLO  is  nobly  seated  on  a high  ridge,  surrounded  by  a splendid  farming- 

4rn  fr  Drifti ill country— one  of  the  richest  sections  of  Middle  Florida.  It  is- 

75  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  a queer  combination,  as  many  of  the  older  towns  are,  of  old- 
142  “ “ Jacksonville.  fashioned,  comfortable  simplicity  (in  habit  as  well  as  archi- 


58 


lecture)  and  modern  improvements  and  style.  Many  of  the  lately  erected  dwellings 
and  stores  would  do  credit  to  a large  city.  Like  most  Middle  Florida  towns,  it  is 
heavily  shaded,  chiefly  by  handsome  live-oaks  and  water-oaks.  Flowers  abound  every- 
where through  the  grounds  of  the  private  residences;  and  a flourishing  greenhouse, 
well  filled  with  rare  plants,  on  the  place  of  Col.  Bird,  just  out  of  town,  is  one  of  the 
attractions  of  the  place.  The  model  plantation  of  Mr.  E.  B.  Bailey,  (one  of  the  young- 
est as  well  as  wealthiest  of  the  planters  of  Middle  Florida),  of  600  acres,  near  the  town, 
is  supplied  with  the  best  and  latest  improved  machinery  and  implements.  Mr.  Bailey 
owns  some  12,000  acres  of  the  finest  farming  land  in  the  county,  besides  the  care  of 
which  he  has  a large  store  and  cotton  warehouse  at  Monticello. 

The  people  of  Monticello  are  becoming  very  progressive  and  energetic  in  the  adap- 
tation of  their  soil  to  the  production  of  new  crops,  and  have  recently  engaged  largely 
in  the  cultivation  of  vegetables  and  fruits.  Over  75,000  Le  Conte  pear  trees,  which  will 
bear  in  another  year,  are  estimated  to  be  growing  within  a mile  of  the  town.  The 
growing  of  melons  for  shipment  has  largely  engaged  the  attention  of  the  people  in  the 
vicinity  for  the  past  few  years,  and  fields  of  two  to  three  hundred  acres  in  extent  are 
not  uncommon.  The  plan  of  diversifying  crops  is  recognized  as  a prime  element  in 
agricultural  success,  and  the  county  bids  fair  to  rival  any  in  the  State  in  the  variety 
and  excellence  of  its  products.  Much  attention  is  being  given,  also,  as  in  Leon  county, 
to  the  growing  of  the  finest  strains  of  live  stock,  many  specimens  of  registered  Jersey  s, 
etc.,  having  been  imported. 

Monticello  has  an  excellent  newspaper,  the  Constitution ; it  possesses  Baptist, 
Methodist,  Presbyterian  and  Episcopal  churches,  and  a very  commodious  and  substan- 
tial brick  school-building,  also  a spacious  and  well-appointed  public  hall.  A large  hotel 
is  in  process  of  erection,  and  when  it  is  completed  and  properly  operated  by  an  exper- 
ienced and  popular  lessee,  the  opportunity  to  visit  and  view  one  of  the  finest  sections  of 
country  in  Florida  will  be  sure  to  be  embraced  by  a large  number  of  visitors. 

Hotels  : Partridge  House. 

AUCILLA  is  a small  village  situated  near  the  boundary  line  between  Madison  and 
7 m.  fr.  Drifton,  Jefferson  counties,  and  takes  its  name  from  the  Aueilla  river, 

78  “ “ Chattahoochee  K.,  which  flows  near  by,  rising  in  Georgia  and  emptying  into  the 
131  “ “ Jacksonville.  Gulf — a small  but  beautiful  stream,  abounding  in  picturesque 
scenery.  Aueilla  is  chiefly  noted  for  its  “breakfast-house,”  where  eastward-bound 
trains  stop  “ twenty  minutes  for  breakfast  ” at  “ Aunt  Aggy’s,”  where  is  served  a bounti- 
ful repast  of  real  old-fashioned,  wholesome  country  fare. 

In  the  lower  portion  of  Jefferson  county  is  the  location  of  that  now  celebrated 
■object  of  interest,  the  “ Florida  Volcano.”  Persons  whose  lives  have  been  passed  in 
the  section  named  unite  in  testifying  to  the  existence,  for  the  past  thirty  or  forty  years, 
•of  a strange  “ pillar  of  fire  by  night,  and  pillar  of  cloud  by  day,"  which  marks  the  spot 
where  the  volcano  is  supposed  to  exist.  Although  many  attempts  have  been  made 
to  reach  it,  it  still  remains  a mystery,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  penetrating  the 
jungle  which  surrounds  and  partially  conceals  it.  This  mysterious  secret,  which 
Dame  Nature  has  so  long  and  jealously  and  successfully  guarded,  is  becoming  more  and 
more  a topic  of  absorbing  interest  in  the  minds  of  those  inclined  to  exploration  and 
discovery. 

GREENVILLE  occupies  a beautiful  situation,  near  the  foot  of  a range  of  low  hills 
7 m.  fr.  Aueilla,  which  rise  behind  and  beyond  it  to  the  southward,  while  a 

85  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  charming  landscape  of  broad,  fertile  valleys  surrounds  it  in 
12-t  “ ■■  Jacksonville,  every  other  direction.  Giant  live-oaks  are  plentifully  grouped 
about,  and  in  the  vicinity  are  several  small  lakes.  It  has  several  stores,  a mill  and 
•cotton-gin,  and  contains  about  200  people.  The  surroundidg  country  is  rich  and  rolling, 
and  large  quantities  of  cotton  and  other  staple  crops  are  produced  in  the  vicinity. 


59 


MADISON  is  the  county-seat  of  Madison  county,  a town  of  some  800  inhabitants, 

14  m.  fr.  Greenville; containing  about  twenty'  or  thirty  stores,  an  exceilent  school- 

99  “ *«  Chattahoochee  k.,  building,  (St.John’s  Seminary),  Episcopal,  Baptist,  Presby- 
lio  “ “ Jacksonville.  terian  and  Methodist  churches,  and  a handsome  new  court- 
house. The  town  lies  about  half  a mile  from  the  depot,  and  is  reached  by  hacks, 
which  run  to  and  from  all  trains.  Near  the  depot  lies  a fine  tract  of  land,  coveted  with 
improvements  of  various  kinds,  and  owned  by  Capt.  J.  L.  Inglis,  who  has  long  been 
•engaged  in  extensive  manufacturing  interests,  comprising  saw-mill,  grist-mill,  rice-mill, 
eotton-ginning  establishment,  etc.,  and  who  lives  in  one  of  the  handsomest  and  largest 
dwellings  in  the  place,  situated  a short  distance  from  the  railroad,  in  the  midst  of 
highly  cultivated  grounds.  Captain  Inglis  is  also  a practical  model  farmer,  and  has 
done  much  to  develop  the  agricultural  resources  of  the  county.  He  has  recently  per- 
fected arrangements  for  the  investment  (in  connection  with  and  partially  superseding 
his  previous  manufacturing  interests)  of  a large  capital  by  the  celebrated  thread  man- 
ufacturers. Messrs.  J.  A P.  Coats,  of  Paisley,  Scotland.  The  new  arrangement  embraces 

the  organization  of  the  Madi- 
son Cotton  Ginning  Company, 
recently  incorporated  in  New 
York  and  Florida,  with  E.  S. 
Auchincloss,  of  New  York, 
President  ; John  L.  Inglis,  of 
Madison,  Manager,  and  G. 
N.  Hornblower,  Secretary; 
Messrs.  H.  D.  Auchincloss, 
of  New  York,  Joseph  Gul- 
worth,  of  Savannah,  and 
William  Lawtey,  of  Fernan- 
dina,  with  the  President  and 
Manager,  comprising  the 
company.  The  capital  repre- 
sented by  the  value  of  the 
“plant”  is  about  $50,000. 
The  business  of  this  exten- 
sive establishment  will  be  to 
handle  and  prepare  for  the 
thread-mills  the  peculiar 
long-staple  cotton  which  is 
produced  in  this  vicinity,  and 
its  various  products,  and  the 
making  of  oil,  oil-cake  and 
cotton-seed  meal  for  fertil- 
izers. The  exhibits  of  the 
long-staple  cotton  of  these 
counties  at  the  Atlanta  Ex- 
position attracted  the  attention  of  the  thread-makers  to  its  superior  qualities  for  their 
purpose,  and  the  establishment  of  this  enterprise  and  a similar  one  at  Lake  City  is 
the  result.  The  company  have  furnished  large  quantities  of  seed  to  the  planters  of 
Madison  and  adjoining  counties,  under  contracts  providing  for  the  handling  by  them 
of  the  crops  produced  therefrom,  and  are  doing  everything  in  their  power  to  encourage 
its  production  and  the  use  of  the  meal  product  as  a fertilizer,  which  is  said  to  excel 
in  effect  all  other  known  compounds. 

Madison  has  two  newspapers,  the  Recorder  and  the  Neiv  Era ; and  a stock  company 


60 


lias  .just  completed  a large  and  handsome  hotel,  which  will  not  only  be  an  ornament  to 
the  town,  but  a source  of  profit  to  its  owners. 

Madison  county,  besides  being  in  the  region  where  the  long-staple  cotton  Ls  pro- 
duced, is  in  the  midst  of  the  Le  Conte  pear  belt,  and  large  numbers  of  orchards  are 
already  growing.  The  same  spirit  of  progress  in  agriculture  which  prevails  in  the 
other  counties  of  Middle  Florida  is  found  here,  and  each  year  adds  to  the  list  of  new 
industries  and  new  products.  Many  of  the  truck  farmers  have  been  the  most  successful 
in  the  State  in  the  culture  of  vegetables,  Irish  potatoes,  melons,  etc.  The  culture  of 
oranges  has  always  been  a feature  of  the  industrial  progress  of  the  county,  and  it  is- 
said  that  the  first  orange  trees  planted  in  Manatee  county,  which  now  produces  large 
quantities  of  the  finest  fruit,  were  taken  from  Madison  comity  in  1843  by  a Mr.  Joshua 
Stafford.  The  cold  waves  which  have  swept  over  the  State  during  late  years  appear  to- 
have  done  less  damage  to  the  trees  in  Madison  than  in  other  parts  of  Middle  Florida. 

Four  miles  from  Madison,  over  smooth,  hard  roads,  the  wandering  visitor  will  find 
“ The  Cascade,”  “the  roar  of  whose  waters  sounds  like  the  beating  of  the  surf  upon  the 
beach,”  says  one  who  has  been  there.  Eleven  miles  distant  is  Lake  San  Paola,  five 
miles  long  by  three  in  width,  surrounded  by  majestic  oaks ; and  two  miles  beyond  is 
“ Chuieotah,”  one  of  the  most  regal  and  remarkable  of  the  old-time  estates  of  this 
region. 

“ Chuieotah,”  which  being  translated  from  the  Indian,  means  “ Pine  Hill,”  was  the 
former  seat  of  Judge  J.  C.  McGhee,  one  of  the  planter-princes  of  Madison  county.  It 
stands  on  the  summit  of  a high  hill  near  the  great  highway  known  as  the  St.  Augustine 
road,  and  was  erected  more  than  forty  years  ago.  It  is  built  in  the  Gothic  style  of 
architecture,  with  pointed,  many-gabled  roofs,  and  stacked  chimneys,  extensive  piazzas 
supported  by  massive  arches,  and  containing  as  its  chief  interior  feature  an  immense  hall, 
twenty  feet  wide  and  forty  feet  in  length,  with  its  numerous  other  rooms  in  proportion. 
Boudoirs,  bath-rooms,  drawing-rooms  twenty  feet  square,  and  innumerable  other 
features  which  would  grace  any  modern-built  villa  of  the  highest  grade,  were,  in  that 
early  day,  a source  of  unending  wonder  to  the  neighboring  residents,  and  exhaustless 
comfort  to  the  occupants.  Every  particle  of  material  used  in  its  construction,  and  fur- 
niture, came  from  the  extensive  estate  it  adorned  ; nearly  all  the  work  on  finishing  and 
furniture  was  done  on  the  spot  by  skilled  artisans  brought  there  for  the  purpose,  and 
no  two  rooms  were  finished  or  furnished  in  the  same  wood.  The  flower-gardens  and 
fruit  orchards  adjacent  wore  equally  complete  in  every  particular.  An  immense  army 
of  slaves  furnished  the  labor  of  the  vast  plantation,  which  was  a perfect  community  in 
itself,  manufacturing  at  home  nearly  everything  used  on  the  place.  This  magnificent 
property  is  now  owned  by  Hon.  W.  Naylor  Thompson,  of  Feraandina. 

Hotels  : The  new  hotel  will  be  leased  and  in  operation  for  this  winter’s  business. 
The  name  has  not  yet  been  decided  on. 

WEST  FARM  is  a flag  station  in  the  centre  of  an  extensive  turpentine  farm  belong- 
5 m.  fr.  Madison,  ing  to  the  West  Brothers,  where  a large  turpentine  still,  sur- 

lOi  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  rounded  by  the  cabins  of  the  operatives,  forms  the  chief 

105  “ “ Jacksonville.  object  of  interest. 

LEE  is  another  flag  station,  similar  to  West  Farm,  from  whence  large  quantities 
2 m.  fr.  West  Farm,  of  turpentine  and  resin  are  shipped  annually.  The  proximity 

106  “ “ Chattahoociiee  R.,  of  these  “farms ” to  the  railroad  enables  the  stranger  to  note 
103  “ “ Jacksonville.  the  processes  of  manufacture  of  the  pine  sap  into  valuable 
naval  stores. 

ELLAYILLE  is  a pleasant  village  of  about  700  inhabitants,  and  is  entirely  popu- 
8 m.  fr.'  Lee  lated  by  the  employees  of  the  late  firm  of  Drew  & Bucki, whose 

ill  “ “ Chattahoochee  E.,  immense  lumber  and  planing  mills  were  located  here.  This 
95  “ “ Jacksonville.  was  one  of  the  largest  establishments  of  the  land  in  the 


61 


South.  It  was  established  in  1867  by  the  senior  partner,  Ex-Govemor  George  F.  Drew, 
Mr.  Louis  Bueki,  of  New  York  city,  becoming  a partner  in  1869,  and  sole  proprietor  by 
purchase  from  Gov.  Drew,  about  a year  ago.  The  firm  name  is  now  L.  Bucki  & Son. 
The  entire  establishment,  including  an  immense  quantity  of  lumber,  was  totally  de- 
stroyed by  Are  a few  months  ago. 

Messrs.  Drew  & Bucki  owned  some  1,200  or  1,500  acres,  and  Governor  Drew  about 
1,200  acres,  including  and  immediately  adjacent  to  the  mills  and  village,  and  the  firm 
about  90,000  acres  of  choice  timber  lands  in  the  vicinity,  chiefly  along  the  Suwannee 
river,  through  which  runs  a private  railroad  of  the  standard  gauge,  equipped  with 
engines  and  rolling-stock  belonging  to  the  firm,  and  employed  in  supplying  the  mills 
with  logs.  The  annual  product  of  the  mills,  heretofore  about  twelve  million  feet,  was 
recently  increased  to  twenty  millions  by  the  introduction  of  additional  machinery.  The 


firm  recently  built  for  their  trade  between  Jacksonville  and  New  York  a handsome  and 
powerful  steam  schooner,  the  “ Louis  Bucki,  ’ the  first  of  its  kind  on  the  coast,  which 
has  proven  a complete  success.  A firm  of  Pennsylvania  car-builders  have  recently 
decided  to  establish  an  extensive  car  factoiy  at  Ellaville,  and  Messrs.  Bucki  & Son  con- 
template the  early  re-building  of  their  mills. 

About  a mile  beyond  Ellaville  the  track  crosses  the  Suwannee  river  on  a substantial 
covered  bridge,  whose  walls  unfortunately  permit  to  the  traveler  only  a moment’s 
glance  at  one  of  the  most  charming  bits  of  scenery  in  Florida— the  junction  of  the 
Withlacoochee  and  Suwannee  rivers,  which  is  only  a few  hundred  yards  above  the 
bridge.  Both  rivers  are  narrow  but  deep,  flowing  between  rocky,  precipitous  banks, 
which  are  overhung  with  large  trees  festooned  with  long  gray  pendants  of  Spanish 
moss.  A few  miles  above  Ellaville,  near  the  west  bank  of  the  Withlacoochee,  is  Blue 
Spring,  a favorite  place  of  resort  for  the  people  of  Madison  town,  some  eleven  miles 
distant,  the  hard,  shady  roads  making  a very  pleasant  drive.  The  Spring  is  about 
twenty-five  feet  in  diameter,  and  is  strongly  impregnated  with  lime. 

LIVE  OAK,  the  county-seat  of  Suwannee  county,  is  a place  of  considerable  impor- 
13  m.  fr.  Ellaville,  tance.  It  has  about  500  inhabitants,  several  churches,  Masonic 

127  “ “ Chattahoochee  K.,  and  Odd  Fellows’  lodges,  about  twenty  stores,  several  cotton- 
82  “ “ Jacksonville.  ginning  establishments,  good  schools,  etc.  The  Florida 

branch  of  the  Savannah,  Florida  and  Western  Bailway  here  intersects  the  Western 
Division.  The  Live  Oak  and  Kowland’s  Bluff  Eailroad  extends  to  Howland’s  Bluff  on 
the  Suwannee  river,  twenty-five  miles  distant,  and  to  Gainesville  in  Alachua  county.  A 
line  of  steamers  run  on  the  Suwannee  river  between  Eowland’s  Bluff  and  Cedar  Key. 

Live  Oak  has  two  newspapers,  the  Intelligencer  and  the  Bulletin ; and  a large  livery 
stable  affords  ample  means  for  transportation  through  the  adjacent  country. 


62 


Suwannee  county  is  especially  favored  in  the  way  of  transportation  facilities,  being- 
bisected  each  way  by  railroads,  and  its  western  borders  washed  by  the  waters  of  the 
Suwannee  river,  which  is  navigable  almost  to  Ellaville.  There  are  yet  large  bodies  of 
State  and  United  States  lands  subject  to  entry,  there  having  been  more  of  these  lands- 
selected  and  patented  in  this  county  than  in  any  other  county  in  the  State.  The  county 
has  prospered  greatly  in  the  past  few  years,  having  advanced  from  a list  of  400  voters 
to  over  1,500  since  the  war.  There  are  immense  tracts  of  fine  timber  lands,  and  several 
large  saw-mills.  The  Empire  Mills,  three  miles  west  of  Live  Oak,  have  a capacity  of 

30.000  feet  per  day,  and  Johnson’s  Mills,  two  miles  east,  can  cut  about  half  that 
amount,  while  the  Suwannee  Mills,  near  the  northern  boundary  of  the  county,  can  cut 

10.000  feet  per  day.  The  soil,  all  along  the  road  and  in  the  interior,  Is  of  excellent 
quality,  and  great  quantities  of  early  vegetables  are  produced  for  shipment  to  Northern 
markets,  besides  cotton,  turpentine,  resin,  etc.,  in  large  quantities.  For  fruits,  and 
especially  grapes  and  peaches,  the  soil  seems  to  be  particularly  adapted.  Market  gar- 
dening and  fruit  raising  are  among  the  most  prominent  industries  in  the  vicinity  of 
Live  Oak ; and  the  success  of  those  engaged  in  it  will  encourage  others  to  increase  the 
genei-al  result.  One  grower  is  mentioned  as  having  netted  S275  from  two  acres  of 
watermelons  raised  in  the  vicinity  of  the  depot  last  year.  Within  a stone’s  throw  of  the 
railroad  track,  and  just  east  of  town,  is  the  splendid  Scuppernong  vineyard  of  Col.  John 
F.  White,  from  which  are  made  annually  from  thirty  to  fifty  barrels  of  superior  wine. 
It  is  five  acres  in  extent,  with  an  additional  three  acres  of  young  -vines.  Oranges  are 
grown,  as  in  all  the  counties  along  the  line,  but  not  to  a large  extent.  The  cultivation 
of  the  Le  Conte  pear  is  also  proving  very  successful. 

Near  Suwannee,  a station  on  the  Florida  Branch  of  the  Savannah,  Florida  and 
Western  Railway,  seven  miles  from  Live  Oak,  is  the  well-known  Suwannee  Sulphur 
Spring.  A very  large  and  handsome  hotel  was  built  there  in  1883,  but  before  it  was 
quite  finished  it  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  has  not  been  rebuilt. 

HOUSTON  is  a small  station  with  store,  post-office,  etc.  It  is  surrounded  by 
6 m.  fr.  Live  Oak,  — numerous  small  but  beautiful  lakes,  and  is  becoming  the 
133  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  place  of  shipment  for  large  quantities  of  vegetables  raised  in 

76  “ “ Jacksonville.  the  vicinity  for  the  Northern  markets. 

WELBORN,  a similar  station,  has  a population  of  about  150,  and  is  the  centre  of  a 
5 m.  fr.  Houston,  large  vegetable-growing  interest.  From  Welbom  it  is  eight 

138  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  miles  in  a northerly  direction  to  the  celebrated  White  Sulphur 

71  ■*  “ Jacksonville.  Spring.  The  Spring  is  situated  in  Hamilton  county,  on  the 

orth  bank  of  the  beautiful  Suwannee  river.  The  means  of  reaching  the  Spring  are 
ample  and  comfortable,  and  the  trip  over  the  smooth,  level  road  is  made  in  about  two 
hours.  The  first  five  or  six  miles  of  the  route  lie  through  the  “ piney  woods  ” and  among 
the  turpentine  farms  and  long-staple  cotton  plantations  which  abound  there ; the  last 
few  miles  over  a rolling  country,  heavily  covered  with  woods  of  hammock  growth.  A 
substantial  bridge,  suspended  high  above  the  water,  crosses  the  Suwannee,  and  at  its 
further  end  is  the  village,  known  as  White  Springs.  The  Spring  is  situated  a few  hundred 
yards  below  or  west  of  the  bridge,  at  the  foot  of  the  high  bank  of  the  river,  and  but  a few 
feet  above  high-water  mark.  Over  it  is  built  a large  and  substantial  structure,  three 
stories  in  height,  which  serves  as  a bath-house.  The  upper  story,  which  is  nearly  on  a 
level  with  the  top  of  the  bank,  contains  the  entrance,  pumps  for  supplying  the  water  to 
the  hotel  and  village,  and  the  bath-keeper’s  offices.  The  second  story  contains  dressing- 
rooms,  and  the  lower  story  contains  the  pool,  which  is  twenty  by  forty  feet  in  size. 
The  Spring  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  State,  and  its  immense  volume  of  water,  burst- 
ing forth  from  the  bowels  of  the  earth,  impregnates  the  air  for  hundreds  of  yards 
around  with  strong  sulphurous  odors.  Within  a few  feet  of  the  Spring,  on  the  summit 
of  the  river  bank,  stands  the  hotel.  It  is  partly  new  and  partly  composed  of  the  old 


63 


hotel  which  has  accommodated  visitors  to  the  Spring  for  many  years.  The  new  struct- 
ure, now  completed,  contains  about  100  rooms,  and  is  under  the  management  of  Major 
T.  F.  Wesson,  an  old  resident  of  the  place,  who  kept  the  old  hotel  twenty-three  years 
ago,  and  who  owns  a most  valuable  chalybeate  spring  property  on  Swift  creek,  about 
three  miles  west  from  the  White  Sulphur.  The  entire  spring  property,  containing 
about  300  acres,  has  recently  passed  into  the  hands  of  Messrs.  Wight  & Powell,  mer- 
chants of  Cairo,  Ga.,  who  are  engaged  in  the  construction  of  the  hotel  and  the  orna- 
mentation and  improvement  of  the  grounds.  The  improvements  will  include  a hand- 
some building,  separated  from  the  hotel  by  the  wide,  shaded  avenue  leading  to  the 
Spring,  and  containing  billiard-rooms,  bowling-alleys,  bar,  ball-room,  etc.  The  hotel 
will  be  kept  open  during  the  winter,  and  it  is  almost  a misnomer  to  call  it  a “ summer 
resort,”  since  the  healing  waters  of  the  Spring  will  be  accessible  to  the  public  all  the 
year  ’round. 

Dowling’s  Turnout,  four  miles  from  Welbom,  is  for  the  convenience  of  shippers 
of  lumber  from  the  adjacent  mills,  and  logs  to  the  Jacksonville  mills. 

LAKE  CITY  is  the  county-seat  of  Columbia  county,  and  one  of  the  prettiest  and 
12  m.  fri  Weiborn,  most  prosperous  places  in  the  State.  It  is  almost  surrounded 

iso  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  by  a series  of  charming  little  lakelets,  which  give  a most 

59  “ " Jacksonville. pleasing  effect  to  the  landscape,  and  are  large  enough  to 

afford,  besides  unlimited  Ashing,  very  pleasant  sport  in  the  way  of  sailing  and  rowing. 

The  city  contains  about  2,00(1 people 
and  its  prosperity,  as  well  as  that  of 
the  county,  is  increasing  rapidly. 
There  are  seven  or  eight  churches 
and  several  excellent  private  schools, 
besides  the  public  schools.  It  also 
has  some  forty  stores,  two  livery 
stables,  a large  carriage  factory  and 
other  places  of  business,  and  an  ex- 
cellent newspaper,  the  Reporter. 

The  elevation  at  Lake  City  is  said 
to  be  203  feet ; at  Welborn,  the  next 
station  westward,  209  feet  above  tide- 
water. Its  healthfulness  has  become 
a proveib  all  over  the  State,  and  the 
number  of  strangers  who  seek  its 
many  charms  during  the  winter  is 
rapidly  increasing  every  year. 

Here  is  now  in  operation  an  im- 
mense establishment  for  the  handling  of  sea-island  or  long-staple  cotton,  founded  by 
the  Lake  City  Cotton  Ginning  Company,  which  is  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  New 
York  and  Florida,  similar  to  the  Madison  Cotton  Ginning  Company,  and  upon  the  plan 
of  which  that  was  founded,  it  having  been  inaugurated  about  the  same  time  by  the  same 
Arm  of  thread  manufacturers,  Messrs.  J.  & P.  Coats,  of  Paisley,  Scotland.  Mr.  A.  G. 
Bigelow,  a prominent  business  man  of  Lake  City,  is  the  resident  manager.  The  crop  of 
cotton  of  Columbia  county  for  the  present  year  is  estimated  to  be  worth  8500,000. 

The  Florida  Agricultural  College  has  recently  been  located  at  Lake  City.  This  is 
a.  State  institution,  endowed  with  a large  and  valuable  grant  of  public  lands,  and  the 
buildings  for  its  purposes  will  be  ample  and  convenient.  The  one  just  completed,  being 
the  west  wing  of  the  main  building,  is  forty-Ave  by  ninety-Ave  feet  in  size,  three  stories 
in  height,  with  tower  niuety-Ave  feet  high.  The  College  is  located  in  a most  ehgible 
and  picturesque  situation,  environed  by  several  small  clear  lakes,  and  a grove  of  gigan- 


A • _'•  / ■; 'fes.  /■}{//. 2, a. I //adjso?;. 


64 


tic  oaks.  An  experimental  farm  of  one  hundred  and  twelve  acres  is  attached  to  the 
College,  and  a full  faculty  of  instructors  has  been  engaged  for  its  first  session,  which 
began  in  October. 

The  soils  of  Columbia  county  ai'e  of  great  variety  and  richness.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  naturally  fertile  regions  to  be  found  in  the  entire  State.  Its  chief  products  are 
sea-island  cotton,  upland  cotton,  corn,  rice,  sugar-cane,  oats,  rye,  sweet  potatoes, 
stock,  peas,  tobacco,  wool,  vegetables,  pindars,  hay,  etc.  The  sea-island  cotton  Ls 
the  money  crop,  and  is  generally  cultivated.  Its  fine,  strong  staple  has  attracted  the 
buyers  who  supply  the  world  with  thread,  and  the  farmer  can  now  sell  his  crop  direct 
to  the  agent  of  the  mills,  saving  all  the  expense  of  shipping  and  losses  through  middle- 
men. It  is  usually  planted  and  cultivated  upon  the  natural  land.  Twice  Columbia 
county  received  the  premium  at  the  State  Fair  for  sea-island  cotton. 


From  the  first  settlement  of  the  State,  this  section  has  been  noted  for  the  fine 
quality  of  peaches  produced  with  little  care  from  the  native  varieties.  The  common 
varieties  begin  to  ripen  the  1st  of  July,  and  last  until  the  10th  of  August.  There  are 
varieties,  like  the  Peen-to  and  Honey  peaches,  which  ripen  in  May  and  J une,  and  sell 
readily  in  market  at  fancy  prices.  Others  ripen  in  August,  September  and  October. 
Figs  are  grown  by  many  people,  but  not  in  sufficient  quantities  to  ship.  They  sell 
readily  at  home  at  SI. 50  to  $2  per  bushel.  Grapes  of  many  kinds  have  been  tried,  and 
several  varieties  are  well  adapted  to  this  locality.  The  Scuppernong  succeeds  best ; it 
has  several  distinct  varieties.  Oranges  are  now  exciting  the  greatest  interest.  Scarc-elv 
a family  can  be  found  which  has  not  a few  orange  trees  in  bearing  and  growing  finelv. 
while  others  are  making  extensive  groves.  In  1835,  when  wild  orange  trees  were  killed 
or  injured  in  every  locality,  the  grove  on  Orange  Lake,  nine  miles  northwest  of  Lake 
City,  was  uninjured  by  the  freeze,  conclusively  illustrating  the  adaptability  of  this  sec- 
tion to  the  cultivation  of  this  fruit.  Twice  Columbia  county  received  premiums  at  the 
State  Fairs  for  the  excellence  of  her  oranges. 

Columbia  county  has  an  enterprising  Immigration  Association,  whose  efforts  are 
ably  seconded  by  Messrs.  Finley,  Dortch  & Snowden,  real  estate  agents. 

The  growing  of  vegetables  for  shipment  to  northern  markets  lias  engaged  the 
attention  of  the  people  for  several  years,  and  experiments  have  demonstrated  the 
peculiar  adaptability  of  soil  and  climate  to  the  successful  prosecution  of  this  industrv. 
The  principal  vegetables  shipped  are  peas  and  beans,  which  yield  abundantly  and  grow 
quickly,  and  require  very  little  cultivation.  Cucumbers,  squashes,  Irish  potatoes,  egg- 
plants, beets,  cabbage  and  onions  are  also  raised.  Watermelons,  too,  are  grown  to 


65 


great  advantage,  the  character  of  the  soil  being  especially  adapted  to  their  cultivation. 
Hotels  : Chicago  House. 

MOUNT  CARRIE,  in  Columbia  county,  is  a flag  station,  from  whence  large  quan- 
— tities  of  lumber  are  shipped  from  the  extensive  mills  in  its 


7 m.  fr.  Lake  City, 

157  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  vicinity.  It  is  surrounded  by  a good  farming  country,  which 
is  rapidly  filling  up  with  settlers. 


52 


Jacksonville. 


OLUSTEE,  in  Baker  county,  is  a growing  place,  whose  chief  industries  are  the 
5 m.  tr.  Mt.  Carrie,  lumber  and  turpentine  business  and  truck  farming.  Near  it 

162  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  was  fought  during  the  civil  war  the  only  engagement  of  any 
47  “ «•  Jacksonville.  note,  save  the  battle  at  the  Natural  Bridge  in  Wakulla 
■county,  that  occurred  in  the  State  east  of  the  Apalachicola  river.  It  is  known  in  history 
as  the  battle  of  Ocean  Pond,  or  battle  of  Olustee. 


■ 


EVERETT  HOTEL,  JACKSONVILLE. 

Pendleton  is  a flag  station  recently  established  eight  miles  from  Olustee  and 
two  miles  from  Sanderson. 

SANDERSON,  the  eounty-seat  of  Baker  county,  is  widely  known  and  noted  for  the 
io  in.  it.  olustee , quantity  and  fine  quality  of  the  peaches  grown  in  its  vicinity, 

172  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  large  shipments  of  which  are  annually  made.  It  is  also  the 
37  “ “ Jacksonville.  centre  of  a prosperous  vegetable-growing  industry. 

Taliaferro’s  Junction,  two  miles  from  Sanderson  and  five  miles  from  Glen 
St.  Mary,  is  the  junction  of  a private  railroad  track  extending  far  into  the  depths 
of  the  pine  forests,  from  whence  vast  numbers  of  logs  are  transported  to  the  Jackson- 
ville lumber  mills. 

GLEN  ST.  MARY,  Baker  county,  is  a new  station  established  on  a tract  of  splen- 
7 m.  ir.  Sanderson,  did,  rolling,  high  pine  land,  containing  60,000  acres,  lying  be- 

179  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  tween  Baldwin  and  Sanderson.  This  fine  tract  has,  for  its 
30  “ “ Jacksonville.  northern  boundary,  the  St.  Mary’s  river,  which  flows  into  the 
sea  at  Pernandina,  about  fifty  miles  distant,  and  the  south  fork  of  this  same  river  flows 
down  through  the  centre  of  the  tract,  having  a clear,  limpid  current  and  high  banks. 


The  entire  tract  is  called  by  the  same  name,  anil  its  founders  have  built  a good  hotel 
there,  besides  a station-house,  stores,  post-office,  schools,  churches  and  dwellings.  The 
soil  is  a rich,  gray  loam  underlaid  with  clay,  and  all  manner  of  fruits,  including  the  or- 
iange  and  peach,  do  well,  while  field  crops  and  garden  vegetables  are  unsurpassed.  It 
is  conceded  to  be  one  of  the  healthiest  localities  in  the  State,  and  peculiarly  favorable 
to  persons  afflicted  with  pulmonary  or  asthmatic  disorders. 

Hotels  : Glen  House. 

DARBYVILLE,  also  in  Baker  county,  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  a good  belt  of 
2 m.  tr.  Glen  S tTMary,  timber,  and  has  several  saw-mills  in  its  vicinity.  The  soil  is 

181  “ “ Chattahoochee  K.,  well  suited  to  the  production  of  vegetables,  and  the  growing 
28  “ “ Jacksonville.  0f  these  and  fruits-is  receiving  considerable  attention.  The 
future  prospects  of  this  place  are  very  bright. 

The  lands  hereabouts,  hi  Baker  county,  are  high,  rolling  and  fertile,  and  the  soil  is 
underlaid  with  clay.  The  climate  is  splendid,  water  excellent,  and  good  health  assured. 
The  products  of  the  county  are  oranges,  peaches,  pears,  grapes,  figs,  and  other  small 
fruits,  corn,  cotton,  oats,  potatoes,  sugar-cane,  tobacco,  rice,  and  all  the  vegetables. 
Some  of  the  finest  bearing  orange  trees  hi  the  State  are  to  be  found  in  this  county,  but 
no  large  groves  have  ever  been  planted  and  brought  to  bearing,  the  great  industry  of 
the  county  having  been  heretofore  the  manufacture  of  lumber  and  naval  stores.  Baker 
is  one  of  the  best  grazing  counties  in  the  State.  Thousands  of  head  of  cattle  are  reared 
without  a dollar  of  expense  to  their  owners.  Sheep  would  do  quite  as  well,  with  the 
usual  and  ordinary  protection  from  dogs  that  is  required  everywhere.  Lands  are  sell- 
ing in  this  county  at  from  $5  to  $20  per  acre,  and  are  now  being  eagerly  sought  for. 
Parties  desiring  to  make  permanent  homes  in  Florida  cannot  do  better  than  examiue 
the  many  claims  of  Baker  comity  before  determining  where  they  will  locate. 

The  eastern  portion  of  the  county  differs  much  from  the  low  flat-woods  in  the 
west.  Like  Middle  Florida,  it  is  hilly,  and  is  practically  the  “hill  country"  of  East 
Florida.  The  great  “Trail  Itidge ” extends  through  this  part  of  the  county,  and  is 
crossed  by  the  railroad  track  only  a short  distance  from  Darbyville,  at  which  point,  at 
the  summit  of  the  high  grade  through  and  over  the  Bidge,  the  spring  waters  divide, 
those  on  one  side  flowing  westward  into  the  Gulf,  and  those  on  the  other  flowing  inn  > 
the  St.  John’s.  Here,  on  this  western  slope,  protected  by  the  forest-clad  hills,  from  the 
damp  winds  and  raw,  chilling  fogs  that  haunt  the  Atlantic  coast,  lies  the  great  “ peach 
belt”  of  Florida,  innumerable  orchards  of  which  delicious  fruit  are  to  be  seen  on  every 
side.  Nearly  nine  thousand  crates  of  splendid  fruit  were  shipped  from  Darbyville  alom  ■. 
during  the  season  of  1881. 

It  is  in  contemplation  to  change  the  name  of  Darbyville  to  “ McClenny,”  in  honor 
of  Hon.  C.  B.  McClenny,  whose  home  is  here,  and  to  whose  enterprise  and  public  spirit 
the  place  and  its  surroundings  are  chiefly  .indebted  for  their  progress  and  prosperity. 
He  is  one  of  the  incorporators  and  a large  stockholder  in  the  Florida  Improvement 
and  Colonization  Society,  whose  Land  Commissioner,  Mr.  C.  F.  Shuey,  has  charge 
of  the  immense  bodies  of  land  belonging  to  the  Society  here  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Glen 
St.  Mary,  and  whose  headquarters  are  at  Darbyville. 

The  Baker  County  Star,  weekly,  is  published  at  Darbyville. 

Hotels  : Hotel  McClenny. 

BALDWIN,  in  the  edge  of  Duval  county,  is  the  crossing-place  of  the  Central  and 
9 m.  fr.  Darbyville,  ~ Western  Divisions,  and  is  one  of  the  liveliest  railroad  centres 
ioo  “ “ Chattahoochee  K.,  in  the  State,  despite  its  rather  uninteresting  appearance.  The 
19  “ Jacksonville.  tracks  cross  each  other  almost  at  right  angles,  and  the 

numerous  passenger,  express  and  freight  trains  on  each  division  passing  at  all  hours  of 
the  day  and  night  in  every  direction  keep  up  a continual  din  and  clatter.  Considerabl' 
local  business  is  done  at  Baldwin,  and  the  day  is  not  far  distant  when  some  far-seeing 


67 


and  enterprising  individual  will  build  hero  a magnificent  and  capacious  hotel  and 
restaurant,  chiefly  for  the  benefit  of  his  own  purse,  and,  secondarily,  for  the  entertain- 
ment of  the  vast  numbers  of  passengers  who  daily  find  themselves  “ashore  ” here  for  a 
few  minutes  while  train  business  is  being  transacted,  which  frequently  happens  (every 
old  traveler  will  understand  how  frequently)  about  the  time  something  nice  to  eat  or 
drink  would  taste  good. 

WHITE  HOUSE,  the  last  station  before  reaching  Jacksonville,  is  a puzzle  to  all 
8 in.  fr.  Baldwin,  " " who  see  it.  No  one  seems  to  know  why  it  was  so  named, 

198  “ “ Chattahoochee  R.,  unless  from  the  fact  that  there  is  no  white  house,  nor,  indeed, 
11  “ “ Jacksonville.  a house  of  any  color,  anywhere  within  sight.  It  was  probably 
an  important  station  in  the  early  history  of  the  road,  when  the  virgin  pine  forest  all 
about  was  being  converted  into  lumber  to  build  Jacksonville  houses,  but  it  is  now 
little  but  a name. 

At  “ Waycross  Junction  ” the  Western  Division  track  crosses  that  of  the  Savannah, 
Florida  and  Western  (Waycross)  Railroad,  thence  proceeding  into  the  city  of  Jackson- 
ville, about  one  mile  distant. 

The  track  of  the  Western  Division  enters  the  city  almost  directly  at  the  point 
where  the  broad  sweep  of  the  St.  J ohn’s  river  curves  abruptly  from  its  southward  course, 
eastward  towards  the  sea.  The  later-built  roads — the  “Waycross  ” anti  the  Jackson- 
ville, Tampa  and  Key  West — also  enter  near  the  same  point;  but  while  these  have  their 
depots  and  grounds  quite  at  the  southwestern  extremity  of  the  city,  the  grounds  of  the 
Florida  Railway  and  Navigation  Company  lie  stretched  along  the  river  front  for  nearly 
half  a mile,  giving  ample  space  for  its  extensive  and  always  busy  and  crowded  lumber- 
wharves  and  log-slips,  and  extending  on  beyond  these,  up  into  the  very  heart  of  the 
city,  the  passenger  and  freight  trains  running  almost  to  the  very  walls  of  the  great 
Astor  Building  itself,  in  the  second  story  front  rooms  of  which  are  some  of  the  offices 
of  the  Company.  On  the  wharves  at  the  foot  of  J ulia  street  stand  the  freight  depot, 
ticket-office  and  passengers’  waiting-room,  and  directly  across  Hogan  street  from  the 
Astor  Building,  on  the  south  side  of  Bay  street,  stands  the  up-town  ticket-office  of  the 
Company,  conducted  by  Mr.  Walter  G.  Coleman,  the  General  Traveling  Passenger 
Agent,  who  devotes  his  winters  to  the  Jacksonville  business,  assisted  by  the  ticket 
agent,  Mr.  C.  S.  Beerbower,  who  is  on  duty  all  the  year  round,  selling  tickets  to  all 
parts  of  the  country  and  State  over  the  Company’s  lines. 

A few  feet  westward  on  Bay  street  stands  the  neat  little  brick  office  of  Col.  S.  I. 
Wailes,  the  Land  Commissioner  of  the  Company,  where,  assisted  by  a large  corps  of 
clerks,  the  Commissioner  is  engaged  constantly  in  the  location  and  sale  of  the  Com- 
pany’s lands. 

Two  blocks  northwest  of  the  depot,  at  the  corner  of  Cedar  and  Forsyth  streets,  is 
one  of  the  coziest  houses  in  the  city — the  Sunnyside,  kept  by  Mr.  S.  M.  Hall ; and  on 
the  south  side  of  Bay  street,  near  the  Astor  Building,  are  the  real  estate  offices  of 
Messrs.  W.  & W.  S.  Walker. 

Directly  in  front  of  the  railroad  wharves  and  depot,  half  a block  distant  on  Bay 
street,  stands  the  great  Everett  Hotel,  (the  largest  in  the  city  except  the  St.  James), 
whose  destinies  are  presided  over  by  the  brilliant  and  successful  young  Boniface,  Mr.. 
J.  M.  Lee,  who  is  also  lessee  of  the  Leon  at  Tallahassee,  and  the  Sanford  House  at 
Sanford,  in  Orange  county.  One  square  back  of  the  Everett  is  the  Duval ; on  the 
second  square  beyond  that,  fronting  the  city  park,  is  the  Windsor,  the  most  elegant 
and  famous  of  all  the  Jacksonville  hotels,  kept  by  Mr.  F.  IT.  Orvis,  who  also  conducts 
in  summer  the  famous  Equinox  House  at  Manchester,  among  the  Green  Mountains  of 
Vermont.  Diagonally  across  the  park  from  the  Windsor  is  the  St.  James. 

Down  Bay  street,  three  blocks  from  the  depot  and  one  block  north  on  Pine  street, 
is  the  well-known  and  popular  Tremont  House,  noted  for  its  unusually  excellent 


68 


cuisine,  and  kept  by  Dr.  H.  DeWolf  Dodge.  The  constant  demand  for  more  room  has 
obliged  Dr.  Dodge  to  greatly  enlarge  the  premises,  and  two  large  additions  have  just 
been  completed  which  more  than  double  the  former  capacity  of  the  house.  The  im- 
provements also  comprise  a new  and  capacious  office  with  marble  floor,  electric  belts, 
gentlemen’s  lavatory  with  marble  fixtures,  bath-rooms  and  rooms  with  baths,  a large 
dining  hall  and  over  500  feet  of  broad  piazzas. 

On  the  opposite  corner  from  the  Tremont,  occupying  the  whole  second  floor  of  the 
old  Freedman’s  Bank  Building,  are  the  general  offices  of  the  Florida  Land  and 
Improvement  Company,  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  Coast  Canal  and  Okeechobee  Land 
Company,  and  the  Kissimmee  Land  Company — the  first-named  being  the  original 
organization  under  the  celebrated  Disston  Purchase  of  4,000,000  acres  of  the  State 
lands  by  Mr.  Hamilton  Disston  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  others  being  offshoots  there- 
from— all  managed  by  Col.  W.  T.  Forbes,  as  Land  Commissioner  of  the  two  first- 
named,  and  Manager  of  the  last-named  company.  , 

On  Forsyth  street,  only  a few  doors  from  the  Tremont,  are  the  elegant  real  estate 
offices  of  Messrs.  Griffin  and  Clarkson. 

At  the  foot  of  Pine  street,  in  Bostwick’s  new  buildings,  is  the  office  of  Hopkins  A 
Le  Baron,  real  estate  dealers. 

Half  way  down  Bay  street  on  the  south  side,  between  Pine  and  Ocean  streets,  in 
the  second  story  of  the  Beed  Block,  are  the  handsome  offices  of  the  Florida  Land  and 
Mortgage  Company,  the  organization  under  a purchase  of  a portion  (2,000,000  acres) 
of  the  Disston  lands  by  Sir  Edward  Heed,  of  England,  and  his  associates,  managed  by 
Mr.  A.  D.  Basnett,  Besident  Director,  and  Mr.  Arthur  T.  Williams,  Land  Com- 
missioner. 

In  the  middle  of  the  next  block  below,  on  the  south  side  of  Bay  street,  is  Bettelini’s 
Hotel,  kept  in  metropolitan  style  ou  the  European  plan.  In  the  same  block  is  the 
post-office,  and  half  a block  from  that,  up  Newnan  street,  is  the  “old  reliable”  St. 
Mark’s  Hotel,  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Fred.  E.  Foster,  who  also  runs  the  Hotel 
Columbia  at  Ocean  Beach,  New  Jersey,  during  the  summer.  One  block  below  the 
post-office  is  the  Carleton. 

Just  in  the  rear  of  the  Post-office  is  the  ferrv-slip  of  the  Jacksonville,  St.  Augustine 
and  Halifax  Biver  Bailway,  from  whence  the  steam  ferry-boat  ‘ • Mechanic  ” makes  regular 
trips  to  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  landing  at  the  terminus  wharf  and  depot  of  the 
railroad.  Adjoining  the  ferry-house  is  a substantial,  two-story  brick  block,  the  upper 
tloor  of  which  is  occupied  by  the  real  estate  offices  of  Messrs.  W right  A McClure,  the 
founders  of  the  new  town  of  Bayard,  fifteen  miles  out  on  the  railroad,  where  Judge 
Wright,  of  the  Times-  Union  staff  is  locating  a colony  of  good  people  from  everywhere, 
who  find  there  tropical  conditions  without  going  to  South  Florida. 

The  various  steamboat  landings  are  all  within  easy  distance  from  the  Western 
Division  Depot.  The  People’s  Line  steamers  and  the  St.  John’s  Biver  Fast  Line  boats 
land  at  the  foot  of  Hogan  street.  The  boats  of  the  DeBary-Baya  Line,  which  com- 
prises a splendid  fleet  of  sixteen  elegant  steamers,  a portion  of  which  are  run  on  the 
Montgomery  and  Sea  Island  Boutes  in  connection  with  the  trains  of  the  Florida  Bail- 
way and  Navigation  Company,  land  for  passenger's  at  their  wharves  at  the  foot  of 
Laura  street,  only  two  blocks  from  the  Western  Division  depot,  while  their  freight 
wharves  are  at  the  foot  of  Pine  street.  The  depot  and  wharves  of  the  Jacksonville 
Branch  are  at  the  foot  of  Marsh  street,  five  blocks  from  the  post-office,  and  nine  blocks 
from  the  Western  Division  depot. 


ST,  MARK'S  BRANCH, 


TALLAHASSEE  is  the  junction  and  initial  point  of  the  St.  Mark’s  Branch,  over 
which  trains  leave  for  St.  Mark’s,  twenty-one  miles  distant,  three  times  a week,  return- 
ing the  same  day.  The  road  runs  through  a rather  flat  and  uninteresting  country 
most  of  the  way,  being  the  poorest  portion  of  Wakulla  county. 

BELAIR  is  a flag  station  of  little  present  importance,  but  was  formerly  the  favor- 
4 miles  from  Tallahassee,  We  summer  resort  of  the  Tallahassee  people.  Situated  on  a 
17  “ “ St.  Mark’s,  high  ridge,  in  the  midst  of  a dense  pine  forest,  with  one  or 

two  beautiful  miniature  lakes  of  clear,  cool  water  near,  it  must  have  been,  and  from  all 
accounts  was,  a delightful  retreat  from  the  summer  heats  and  the  tendency  to  malarial 
disease  which  prevailed  in  the  early  history  of  the  country,  when  the  great  forests  of 
hard-wood  timber  to  the  northward  were  being  cleared  away  to  make  room  for  the 
vast  cotton  and  corn  fields.  In  these  latter  days,  Belair  is  but  a shadow  and  a name, 
while  the  present  generation  have  found  a much  more  delightful  summer  retreat  at  St. 
Teresa,  a pleasant  little  village  of  cottages,  situated  on  a fine  shelving  beach  on  the 
Gulf  side  of  James  Island,  some  fifteen  miles  from  St.  Mark’s  by  water,  and  forty 
miles  from  Tallahassee  overland.  Surf -bathing,  fishing  and  hunting  are  the  chief 
amusements,  and  the  summer  population  of  the  place  often  runs  up  into  the  hundreds ; 
for  people  come  from  far  up  in  Georgia  and  Alabama  to  enjoy  its  delights.  The  com- 
pletion of  the  Thomasville,  Tallahassee  and  Gulf  Railroad  to  James  Island  will  make 
St.  Teresa  and  Carrabelle,  at  the  western  end  of  the  island,  more  popular  and  populous 
than  ever  during  the  dog-days. 

FERRILL  is  another  flag  station,  from  whence  fire-wood,  ties,  syrup,  barrels 
6 miles  from  Belair,  and  produce  of  various  kinds  are  shipped  to  Tallahassee.  The 

to  “ “ Tallahassee,  finest  and  earliest  water-melons  are  produced  on  the  fertile 

soils  of  this  region,  which  appear  to  be  especially  adapted  to  that  crop. 

WAKULLA,  formerly  known  as  Oil  Still  Station,  is  the  nearest  station  to  Newport, 
6 miles  from  Fen-ill,  three  miles  distant  on  the  St.  Mark’s  river,  the  site  of  the 

16  “ “ Tallahassee,  noted  Sulphur  Springs,  which  have  long  been  celebrated 

hereabouts  for  their  wonderful  cures  of  rheumatism  and  other  kindred  diseases ; and 
is  also  the  nearest  station  to  the  celebrated  Wakulla  Spring,  although  most  visitors 
prefer  to  take  carriages  at  Tallahassee  and  drive  thence  through  the  pine  woods. 

This  wonderful  natural  curiosity  has  been  visited  by  thousands  of  interested  sight- 
seers, and  is  an  object  well  worth  going  far  to  see.  It  lies  in  the  midst  of  a dense 


growth  of  hammock  forest,  and  lias  been  described  as  almost  the  exact  counterpart  of 
the  celebrated  Silver  Spring  in  Marion  county;  but  many  of  those  who  have  visited 
both  declare  Wakulla  to  be  by  far  the  most  remarkable.  Sidney  Lanier,  in  his  delight- 
ful “ Handbook  and  Guide  to  Florida,”  says  of  it:  “ About  fifteen  miles  from  Talla- 
hassee is  one  of  the  most  wonderful  springs  in  the  world — the  famous  Wakulla  Spring, 
which  sends  off  a river  from  its  single  outburst.  * * * * Once  arrived  and  floating 


WAKULLA  SPRING. 

on  its  bosom,  one  renews  the  pleasures  which  have  been  hereinbefore  described  in 
what  was  said  of  Silver  Spring.  Like  that,  the  water  here,  which  is  similarly  impreg- 
nated with  lime,  is  tlirillingly  transparent ; here  one  finds  again  the  mosaic  of  main  - 
shaded  green  hues,  though  the  space  of  the  Spring  is  less  broad  and  more  shadowe  1 
by  overhanging  trees  than  the  wide  basin  of  Silver  Spring.  In  one  particular,  howewi . 
this  is  the  more  impressive  of  the  two.  It  is  106  feet  deep,  (Silver  Spring  is  sixty 
feet),  and  as  one  slowly  floats,  face  downward,  one  perceives,  at  first  dimly,  then  mom 
clearly,  a great  ledge  of  white  rock  which  juts  up  to  within,  perhaps,  fifty  feet  of  the 
surface,  from  beneath  which  the  fish  come  swimming,  as  if  out  of  the  gaping  mouth  of 
a great  cave.  Looking  down  past  the  upper  part  of  this  ledge,  down,  down  through 
the  miraculous  lymph,  which  impresses  you  at  once  as  an  abstraction  and  as  a eoncreii 
substance,  to  the  white  concave  bottom,  where  you  can  plainly  see  a sort  of  ‘ trouble 
in  the  ground,’  as  the  water  bursts  up  from  its  mysterious  channel,  one  feels  more  than 
ever  that  sensation  of  depth  itself  wrought  into  a substantial  embodiment,  of  which  I 
have  before  spoken.” 


71 


The  bottom  of  the  Spring,  shaped  like  a great  bowl,  is  covered  with  bits  of  bright 
tin,  buttons  and  other  objects  dropped  by  curious  visitors,  who  take  a wild  delight  in 
watching  them  whirl  and  circle  down  into  the  abyss  below,  through  the  magnifying 
water,  which  invests  them  with  every  color  of  the  rainbow  in  their  eddying  flight. 

Many  years  ago  the  skeletons  of  two  mastodons  were  found  at  the  bottom  of  the 
Spring,  and  were  taken  out  and  shipped  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution ; but  the  vessel 
they  were  on  was  wrecked  off  Cape  Hatteras,  and  those  interesting  remains  now  lie  at 
the  bottom  of  the  Atlantic.  In  1881  a similar  skeleton  was  discovered  some  eight  feet 
below  the  surface  of  the  ground  in  Taylor  county. 

The  width  of  Wakulla  Spring  is  about  250  feet;  its  form  nearly  circular,  and  the 
Wakulla  river,  which  flows  from  it,  is  a deep  and  large  stream,  capable  of  bearing- 
large  vessels.  At  its  mouth,  where  it  flows  into  the  St.  Mark’s  river,  it  is  about  10(> 
yards  wide.  The  Spring,  with  a large  tract  of  land  surrounding  it,  has  recently  been 
purchased  by  an  eminent  Cincinnati  physician,  who  proposes  to  erect  suitable  buildings 
and  establish  there  a winter  sanitarium. 

Wakulla,  beauteous  spring!  thy  crystal  waters 
Reflect  the  loveliness  of  Southern  skies ; 

Ancl  oft  inethinks  the  dark-haired  Indian  daughters 
Bent  o’er  thy  silvery  depths  with  wondering  eyes: 

From  forest  glade  the  swarthy  chief  emerging, 

Delighted  paused,  thy  matchless  charms  to  view ; 

Then  to  thy  flower-gemmed  border  slowly  verging, 

I see  him  o’er  thy  placid  bosom  urging 
His  light  canoe. 

ST.  MARK’S,  the  terminus  of  the  Branch,  is  a small  town  of  seventy-five  or  eighty 
5 miles  from  Wakulla,  people,  who  are  mostly  engaged  in  fishing  and  in  the  sponging 
21  “ “ Tallahassee,  business;  it  has  two  stores  and  a dozen  or  two  dwellings, 

besides  the  railroad  warehouses  and  wharves.  From  St.  Mark’s  to  the  mouth  of  the 
St.  Mark’s  river,  the  distance  is  eight  miles,  with  a deep  channel  all  the  way,  through 
which  large  vessels  are  enabled  to  reach  the  wharf.  A lighthouse  of  the  second  class 
stands  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 

The  St.  Mark’s  river  is  one  of  the  most  picturesque  streams  in  America.  Its 
source,  like  that  of  the  Nile,  is  a mystery,  but  has  always  been  believed  to  be  the  great: 
Miccosukie  Lake,  from  which  a subterranean  outlet  is  supposed  to  exist,  extending  to 
the  “ sink,”  where  the  St.  Mark’s  begins  its  strange  and  devious  course.  The  river  is 
navigable  for  vessels  of  considerable  size  for  some  twenty  miles,  to  a point  near  what 
is  known  as  the  Natural  Bridge,  another  wonderful  natural  curiosity,  which  may  be 
reached  by  a pleasant  drive,  through  the  pine  woods,  of  eighteen  miles  from  Tallahas- 
see. Here  the  river,  a broad,  deep,  sluggish  stream,  disappears  suddenly  into  the 
bowels  of  the  earth.  No  barrier  arrests  its  course;  the  formation  across  its  course  is 
but  three  or  four  feet  above  the  level  of  its  waters ; it  simply  appears  that,  at  some 
remote  period  in  the  past,  the  bottom  quietly  dropped  out,  and,  to  all  intents  and  pur- 
poses, from  that  point  the  St.  Mark’s  river  is  no  more.  But  a phenomenon  equally 
.astounding  is  its  reappearance  in  a great  basin  some  forty  or  fifty  feet  from  its  burial 
place,  where  it  calmly  comes  up  again,  like  a giant  refreshed,  from  its  journey  to  the 
•centre  of  the  earth,  and  resumes  its  placid  course  towards  the  Gulf.  The  intervening 
ispace  between  the  exit  and  reappearance  of  this  great  body  of  running  water  is  not 
over  fifty  feet  in  width,  and  has  no  appearance  of  a bridge,  but  is  so  exactly  like  the 
surrounding  land  on  either  shore,  that  persons  passing  over  it  for  the  first  time  enjoy 
the  experience  of  that  ancient  worthy  of  nursery  rhyme  who  “ couldn’t  see  the  town 
for  the  houses  ” — he  doesn’t  know  it  is  a bridge  until  he  has  passed  over  it.  Here, 
during  the  war,  was  fought  the  only  battle  in  Middle  Florida.  A force  of  Federals 


72 


landed  near  the  lighthouse,  and  were  making  their  way  towards  Tallahassee,  intent 
upon  its  capture,  when  they  were  met  here  by  an  inferior  force  of  old  men  and  boys, 
volunteers,  picked  up  here  and  there  in  the  general  alarm,  supported  by  only  a com- 
pany or  two  of  infantry,  and  a small  battery  of  artillery.  These  made  a stand  imme- 
diately at  the  Natural  Bridge,  and  threw  up  earth-works,  from  whence  the  pass 
was  gallantly  defended,  the  Federals  being  forced  to  retreat  after  experiencing  a con- 
siderable loss. 

The  Wakulla  river  is  also  picturesque  and  beautiful,  and  a trip  from  81.  Mark's  up 
to  the  Spring  is  one  of  the  things  no  tourist  of  well-regulated  mind  and  reasonably 
substantial  body  can  afford  to  miss.  At  its  mouth  stand  the  remains  of  the  ancient 
Spanish  fortress  of  San  Marco,  which  was  built  of  massive  blocks  of  stone,  and  but 
for  its  demolishment  to  furnish  material  for  a large  TJ.  S.  Hospital,  built  near  its  site 
some  twenty  years  ago  (itself  now  a miserable  and  not  at  all  picturesque  ruin),  it 
might  have  been  standing  to  this  day.  Two  ponderous  blocks  of  stone,  one  bearing  a 
representation  of  the  coat  of  arms  of  the  Spanish  King,  and  the  other  a flattered 
inscription  in  Spanish,  which  once  graced  the  fortress  walls  over  the  sally-porl  and  the 
main  entrance,  were  rescued  from  an  ignoble  use  many  years  ago,  having  been  dis- 
covered doing  duty  as  door-steps  to  a saloon  in  St.  Mark’s  by  Gov.  B.  K.  Call.  aW* 
taken  to  bis  residence  in  Tallahassee,  where  they  now  remain. 


GREEN  COVE  SPRINGS. 


CONNECTIONS. 


AT  FERNANDINA:— 

Steamships  of  Mallory  Line  to  and  from  New  York — weekly. 

Steamers  of  DeBary-Baya  Merchants’  Line  (Montgomery  Route)  to  and  from 
Brunswick,  Montgomery  and  Savannah,  connecting  with  the  Georgia  Railroad  System 
and  Coast  Lines  Northward — daily,  and  Steamships  for  Boston,  New  York  and  Phila- 
delphia— tri-weekly. 

Steamers  of  New  York  and  Charleston  and  Florida  Steamship  Company — semi- 
weekly. 

Steamer  Martha,  to  and  from  St.  Mary’s  River  Landings — semi-weekly,  and  Tow  n 
of  St.  Mary’s — daily,  except  Sunday. 

AT  CALLAHAN:— 

Trains  of  Savannah,  Florida  and  Western  Railway,  to  and  from  Savannah,  Charles- 
ton and  all  points  North  and  West,  and  Jacksonville — daily. 

AT  CHATTAHOOCHEE,  (River  Junction) 

Trains  of  Pensacola  and  Atlantic  Railroad,  to  and  from  all  points  in  West  Florida, 
and  via  through  trains  between  Jacksonville  and  Pensacola,  to  and  from  all  points 
North,  West  and  Southwest — daily. 

AT  CHATTAHOOCHEE  LANDING:— 


Steamers  on  Apalachicola,  Chattahoochee  and  Flint,  rivers,  to  and  from  Apalachi- 
cola, Bainbridge  and  Columbus,  and  intermediate  Landings — tri-weekly. 

AT  JACKSONVILLE:— 

Steamers  of  DeBary-Baya  Merchants’  Line,  to  and  from  all  points  on  the  St.  John’s 
river — daily. 

Trains  of  Jacksonville,  Tampa  and  Key  West  Railway,  to  and  from  Palatka — daily. 
Trains  of  Jacksonville,  St.  Augustine  and  Halifax  River  Railway,  to  and  from  St. 
Augustine — daily. 

AT  GAINESVILLE:— 

Trains  of  Florida  Southern  Railway,  to  and  from  Palatka— daily. 

Trains  of  Savannah,  Florida  and  Western  Railway,  to  and  from  New  Branford  and 
Live  Oak — daily. 

AT  CEDAR  KEY:— 

Steamships  of  Tampa  Steamship  Company,  to  and  from  Manatee  River  Landings 
and  Tampa — semi- weekly. 

Steamships  of  Florida  and  Havana  Mail  Steamship  Company,  to  and  from  Tampa, 
Punta  Rassa  and  Key  West — semi-weekly. 

AT  HAWTHORNE:— 


Trains  of  Florida  Southern  Railway,  to  and  from  Palatka  and  Gainesville — daily. 
aT  LEESBURG:— 

Steamboats  on  Lakes  Harris  and  Griffin,  to  and  from  all  Lake  Landings. 

Trains  of  St.  John’s  and  Lake  Eustis  Railroad,  to  and  from  Astor. 

AT  TAVARES:— 

Steamers  for  all  landings  on  Lakes  Dora,  Harris,  Eustis  and  Griffin. 

Stage  Lines  to  and  from  points  in  Orange  County. 

AT  PANASOFKEE : — 

Steamers  for  all  landings  on  Panasofkee  Lake  and  Withlacooehee  river. 

Stages  of  South  Florida  Stage  Company,  to  and  from  Brooksville,  Sumtervillo, 
Tampa  and  all  points  in  South  Florida — daily. 


D.  E.  MAXWELL, 
Gen.  Supt. 


FERNANDINA,  FLORIDA. 


A.  O.  MACDONELL, 
Gen.  Pass,  ancl  Ticket  Agt. 


WALTER  G.  COLEMAN,  Gen.  Trav.  Ag’t,  Corner  Bay  and  Hogan  Streets,  Jacksonville,  Florida. 


74 


METEOROLOGICAL  RECORD 


The  following  table  shows  the  maximum,  minimum  and  mean  temperature  for 
each  month  of  the  years  1881,  1882  and  1883,  and  the  first  six  months  of  1884,  at  Jack- 
sonville, Tallahassee  and  Cedar  Key,  three  of  the  principal  points  on  the  Lines  of  tin- 
Florida  Railway  and  Navigation  Company,  with  annual  mean  temperature  and  highest 
-•and  lowest  temperature  with  dates  at  each  point  for  each  year ; also  a comparative 
recapitulation  compiled  from  the  several  sections  of  the  table. 

This  table  is  compiled,  for  Jacksonville,  from  data  furnished  by  Sergeant  J.  IV. 
Smith,  U.  S.  Signal  Service  Observer  at  that  pladti ; for  Tallahassee,  from  observation^ 
taken  by  W.  A.  Rawls,  Esq.,  and  published  in  the  Weekly  Floridian,  of  that  place ; and 
for  Cedar  Key,  from  data  furnished  by  Gen.  W.  B.  Hazen,  Chief  Signal  Officer,  U.  S.  A., 
from  the  records  of  his  office  in  Washington. 


JACKSONVILLE. 

1881 


Temperature. 

Jan. 

o 

March. 

April. 

May. 

. 

I 

July.  : 

ti 

CG 

Oct. 

Nov. 

© 

"Maximum 

72.0 

78.0 

80.0 

88.0 

96.0 

99.0 

99.0 

96.0 

94.0 

88.0  &3.0 

79.0 

Minimum 

33.0 

34.0 

39.0 

37.0 

63.0 

66.0 

70.0 

70.0 

69.0 

54.0  32.0 

41.0 

Mean 

57.9 

59.5 

67.2 

75.8 

82.5 

83.8 

81.5 

79.9 

74.6  65.6 

61.3 

Annual  mean  temperature,  70.2  degrees. 

Highest  temperature  and  date,  99.0  degrees,  June  22d  and  July  23d. 
Lowest  temperature  and  date,  32.0  degrees,  November  25th. 


1882. 


Maximum 

] 78.0 

79.0 

88.0 

85.0 

89.5 

95.5 

94.0 

96.0 

94.0 

86  0 

80.0 

76.0 

Minimum 

38.0 

47.0 

56.0 

54.0 

65.0 

71.0 

69.0 

65.0 

51.0 

38.0 

•28.0 

Mean 

61.7 

66.8 

70.9 

74.5 

81.1 

80.9 

81. G 

77.8 

72.6 

60.0 

54.2 

Annual  mean  temperature,  70.4  degrees. 

Highest  temperatui'e  and  date,  96.0  degrees,  August  9th. 
Lowest  temperature  and  date,  28.0,  December  17th. 


76.0 

83.0 

79.1) 

88.0 

95.0 

98.0 

94.5 

90.5 

92.0 

83.0 

Minimum 

29.0 

40.0 

40.0 

52.0 

54.0 

68.0 

69.5 

70.5 

62.5 

59.0 

43.0 

Mean 

57.9 

64.3 

60.4 

70.1 

73.9 

80.9 

84.1 

80.8 

76.5 

74.2 

63.3  | 

Annual  mean  temperature.  70. G degrees. 

Highest  temperature,  and  date,  98.0  degrees,  July  IGlh. 
Lowest  temperature  and  date,  29.0  degrees,  January  21st. 


1884. 


Maximum  

1 72.2 

79.0 

85.2 

88.5 

90.7 

91.6 

Minimum 

21.(1 

36.8 

42.4 

47.2 

62.3 

61.7 

51.7 

62.1 

r.6  ;; 

68.7 

76.5 

76.9 

Highest  temperature  and  date,  91.6  degrees,  June  26th. 
Lowest  temperature  and  date,  21.0  degrees,  January  6th. 


TALLAHASSEE. 


1881. 


Maximum 

I 73.0 

77.0 

76.0 

88.0 

90.0 

96.0 

97.0 

94.0 

94.0 

87.0 

7S.0 

76.0 

Minimum 

32.0 

32.0 

44.0 

47.0 

70.0 

76.0 

73.0 

72.0 

72.0 

66.0 

32.0 

39.0 

Mean 

56.1 

60.5 

69.5 

79.5 

84.8 

85.1 

81.0 

81.8 

76.  S 

65 . 1 

61.0 

Annual  mean  temperature,  71.2  degrees. 

Highest  temperature  and  date,  97.0  degrees,  July  23d. 

Lowest  temperature  and  date,  32.0  degrees,  January  1st  and  2d,  and  November  25th. 


75 


1882. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

AUg. 

Sept.:  Oct. 

Nov.  1 Dec. 

"Maximum 

77.0 

78.0 

86.0 

86.0 

90.0 

95.0 

90.0 

92.0 

90.0  : 86.0 

84.0  78.0 

Minimum 

32.0 

38.0 

50.0 

61.0 

63.0 

70.0 

70.0 

72.0 

70.0  63.0 

43.0  : 32.0 

Mean 

64.8 

62.9 

69.3 

73.1 

76.4 

80.5 

81.2 

80.9 

79.7  75.8 

63.9  57.3 

Aunual  meau  temperature,  72.1  degrees. 

Highest  temperature  and  date,  0 

5.0  degrees, 

June  21st. 

Lowest  temperature  and  date,  32 

.0  degrees,  January  2d  and  December  8t.h. 

1883. 

Maximum 

71.0 

80.0 

79.0 

89.0 

90.0 

94.0 

96.0 

95.0 

93.0  j 92.0 

80.0  i 79.1) 

Minimum 

40.0 

51.0 

51.0 

61.0 

52.0 

71.0 

74.0 

74.0 

67.0  ! 60.0 

42.0  i 38*0 

Mean 

09.2 

64.5 

74.9 

78.0 

80.7 

83.9 

82.6 

78.6  75.9 

65.2  | 62.3 

Annual  mean  temperature,  73.1  degrees. 

Highest  temperature  aud  date,  96.0  degrees, 

July  17  th. 

Lowest  temperature  and  date,  38.0  degrees,  December  16th. 

1884. 

68.0  79.0  ! 83.0 

85.0  1 90.0  1 84.0  |. 

| 1 1 

21.0  i 43.0  ! 41.0 

50.0  ! 60.0  70.0 

! | | 

48.6  61.9  ! 66.5 

71.0  . 78.2  j 77.2  1 . . 

! 

Highest:  temperature  and  date,  90.0  degrees.  May  2’2d. 
Lowest  temperature  and  date,  21.0  degrees,  January  6th. 


CEDAR  KEY. 


1881. 


Maximum 

, 74.0 

74.0 

74.0 

84.0 

91.0 

93.0 

94.0 

93.0 

94.0  1 

89.0 

81.0 

78.0 

Minimum 

34.0 

35.0 

40.0 

38.0 

66.0 

08.0 

69.0 

69.0 

68.0  1 

57.0 

33.0 

42.0 

57.8 

58.3 

66.0 

76.6 

82.5 

83.1 

81.7 

80.7  1 

75.6 

67.2 

61.8 

Annual  mean  temperature,  70.5  degrees. 

Highest  temperature  and  date,  04.0  degrees,  July  — and  September  — . 
Lowest  temperature  and  date,  33.0  degrees,  November  — . 


1S82. 


Maximum 

76.0 

82.0 

85.0 

90.0 

91.0 

92.5 

92.0 

92.0 

86.0 

81.0 

69.0 

Minimum 

! 34.0 

40.5 

47.0 

60.0 

54.0 

68.0 

70.0 

70.0 

69.0 

55 . 0 

37.0 

29.0 

Mean 

I 62.6 

62.3 

67.2 

73.4 

75.2 

79.9 

81.5 

81.5 

79.2 

74.0 

61.7 

54.9 

Annual  mean  temperature.  71.1  degrees. 

Highest  temperature  and  date,  92.5  degrees,  .July  — . 
Lowest. temperature  and  date.  29.0  degrees,  December  — . 


1883. 


Maximum 

| 72.0 

79.0 

74.0  1 

86.0 

87.0 

90.8 

92.5 

96.0  ] 

90.3 

87.5 

80.2 

75.4 

Minimum 

1 32.0 

43.0 

45.0 

55.0 

50.0 

70.3 

69.4 

72.2  | 

65.5 

59.0 

43.3 

30.2 

Mean 

66.9 

61.3  | 

72.6 

75.1 

82.1 

83.8 

83.7  | 

79.7 

76.3 

65.8 

62.5 

Annual  mean  temperature,  72.4  degrees. 

Highest  temperature  and  date,  96.0  degrees,  August  — . 
Lowest  temperature  and  date,  30.2  degrees,  December  — . 


1884. 


Maximum I 08.9  77.4  I 78.9  1 84.8  I 90.0  I 91.0  I 

lilinlmum 25.2  I 37.2  | 42.2  | 50.7  60.5  62.0  | 

JUean | 51.6  | 63.4  | 66.7  | 69.0  | 77.0  | 78.2  | 


Highest  temperature  aud  date,  91.0  degrees,  .Tune  — . 
Lowest  temperature  and  date,  25.2  degrees,  January  — . 


RECAPITULATION. 

Highest  temperature,  99.0  degrees — Jacksonville,  June  22d  and  July  23d,  1881. 

Lowest  temperature,  21.0  degrees — Jacksonville  and  Tallahassee,  January  6tli,  1884. 
Highest  annual  mean,  73.1  degrees — Tallahassee,  1883. 

Lowest  annual  mean,  70.2  degrees — Jacksonville,  1881. 

Highest  average  meau  tor  three  years  (1881,  1882  and  1883),  72.1  degrees — Tallahassee. 
Lowest  average  mean  lor  three  years  (1881,  1882  and  1883),  70.4  degrees — Jacksonville. 
•Greatest  range  of  thermometer  in  three  and  a half  years,  78.0  degrees — Jacksonville, 
least  range  ot  thermometer  in  three  and  a half  years,  70.8  degrees — Cedar  Key. 


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* shipments  from  Cedar  Key  include  products  from  Gull  coast. 
**  Including  St  Mark’s  Branch. 


--PLEASE 

Mention  this  Publication  when  making  use  of  any  of  the  Advertise- 
ments contained  herein. 


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The  South  assumes  high  ground,  and  will  he  conducted  with  caudor  and  independence. 
It  represents  no  sect  or  party:  it  is  devoted  to  no  exclusive  class  or  interest:  it  is  in  sympathy 
with  the  people;  it  appreciates  the  vast  resources  of  the  South  and  is  prophetic  of  its  destiny. 

Terms  of  Subscription,  $3.00  a Year,  in  Advance.  Single  Copies  25  cts. 


iii 


TALLAHASSEE,  FLORIDA. 


GEO.  C.  MORGAN,  PROPRIETOR. 


UNDER  * ENTIRELY  * NEW  * MANAGEMENT. 


THE  ENTIRE  HOUSE  RE-MODELED  AND  REFURNISHED.  ELECTRIC  BELLS 
AND  BATHS.  ROOMS  LARGE  AND  COMFORTABLE. 


Having  leased  for  a term  of  year's 

THE  FAMOUS  OLD  CITY  HOTEL 

the  proprietor  has  changed  its  name  to 


“THE  * MORGAN,” 


and  would  inform  its  Patrons  and  the  General  Public  that  it  will  be 

OPENED  NOVEMBER  1ST. 


“ The  Morgan  ” is  situated  opposite  the  State  Capitol,  in  one  of  the  most  desirable 
and  elevated  portions  of  the  city.  It  has  an  extensive  tropical  garden  in  connection, 
and  flower-garden  on  the  roof,  commanding  magnificent  views  of  the  beautiful  and 
picturesque  “ Hill  Country”  for  many  miles  around. 

Tallahassee,  the  "Floral  City”  of  the  South,  is  famous  for  its  numerous  splendid 
flower  gardens,  where  the  choicest  exotics  delight  the  eye  of  the  beholder,  presenting 
a scene  of  loveliness  rarely  equaled  and  never  surpassed.  The  hard  clay  roads  leading 
to  the  numerous  beautiful  lakes  in  the  vicinity  afford  drives,  rides  and  walks  such  as 
can  be  enjoyed  in  no  other  part  of  the  State. 


The  Culinary  Department  of  “ The  Morgan  " is  under  the  supervision  of  one  of  the 
most  celebrated  chef*  de  cuisine,  and  the  tables  will  be  served  to  suit  the  tastes  of  the 
most  exacting,  including  the  finest  of  Fish  and  Oysters,  direct  from  Lake  and  Gulf,  in 
abundance. 

The  Office  will  be  under  the  charge  of  Mr.  Geo.  H.  Sprague,  formerly  of  Sweet’s 
Hotel,  Grand  Eapids.  Mich.,  and  the  Frazier  House.  Bay  City,  Mich.,  who  is  a courteous 
and  polished  gentleman,  and  “the  right  man  in  the  right  place.” 

With  the  combined  efforts  of  the  Proprietor,  Mr.  Sprague  and  the  Steward,  Sam’l  T. 
•Crissy,  late  of  Hotel  Brighton.  Coney  Island,  the  guests  of  “The  Morgan”  can  feel 
assured  that  they  will  receive  every  attention  and  enjoy  eveiy  comfort  and  luxury 
known  to  the  very  best  hotels  of  the  country. 


iy 


WALTER  B.  CLARKSON. 


GEO.  B.  GRIFFIN,  Notary  Public. 

GRIFFIN  * & * CLARKSON  * 


REAL  ESTATE  AND  LOANS, 


17  West  Forsyth.  Street, 

(Opposite  Bank  of  Jacksonville). 

JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA. 


City  Property,  Suburban  Lots,  Orange  Groves,  Vegetable  Farms, 
Timber  Tracts,  Wild  Lands. 

REAL  ESTATE  BOUGHT  AND  SOLD. 


LOAMS  NEGOTIATED. 


SPECIALTIES: 


WINDSOR.  ALACHUA  CO.,  FLA. 

(See  opposite  page.) 

DREW'S  ADDITION  TO  TAMPA 

lies  close  in  to  the  business  portion  of  the  city  and  immediately  contiguous  to  the  resident 
portion,  convenient  to  Post  Office,  Churches,  Stores,  etc.  We  offer  for  sale  choice  lots  at  reason- 
able prices  and  ou  favorable  terms  in  Drew's  Addition  to  Tampa,  which  presents  unequaled  facil- 
ities for  resident  lots,  as  well  as  opportunities  for  speculation. 


Springfield,  Campbell’s  Addition  and  Burbridge’s  Addition 

are  three  suburbs  to  Jacksonville,  the  chief  city  of  Florida,  now  rapidly  growing.  We  offer  for 
sale  fifteen  hundred  building  lots  in  these  suburbs.  Those  who  have  seen  the  rapid  increase  in 
value  of  suburban  property  elsewhere,  need  not  be  reminded  of  the  favorable  opportunities  now 
offered  by  Jacksonville's  unprecedented  growth.  Homes  for  all  on  easy  terms  of  payment. 


ORANGE  LAND  IN  HERNANDO  COUNTY. 

Near  the  thriving  settlement  of  Oriole,  along  the  Charlotte  Harbor  Railroad,  four  miles  west 
of  Transit  Railroad,  which  is  now  building,  we  offer  for  sale  two  thousand  acres  choice,  selected, 
high  rolling  pine  land  at  prices  ranging  from  $5  to  $25  per  acre.  Healthy  locations,  good  neigh- 
borhood, early  transportation  facilities;  railroad  passes  right  through  some  of  these  lands.  Ten. 
acre  lots  for  $100  each. 


-* WINDSOR 


FLORIDA. 


WINDSOR, 

is  the  name  of  one  of  the  prettiest  anti  healthiest  towns  in  Florida,  or  any  other  State.  Situated 
on  the  eastern  shore  of  Lake  Newnan,  a beautiful  sheet  of  water  some  nine  miles  in  length, 
abounding  in  flsh.  Nine  miles  east  of  Gainesville,  two  miles  from  Gruelle  station  on  the  Florida 
Southern  Railroad,  and  four  miles  west  of  Campville  station  on  the  Peninsular  Railroad. 

LAND. 

Windsor  embraces  a tract  of  about  4,000  acres,  nearly  one-half  cleared.  The  soil  is  neither 
the  white  sand  of  so  large  a portion  of  Florida,  nor  the  red  clay  of  Georgia,  but  a dark,  rich  loam, 
producing  excellent  crops  of  all  varieties  of  vegetables  or  the  finest  orange  trees.  The  higher 
land  is  fifty  feet  above  the  lake,  gradually  sloping  to  the  water.  Lots  varying  from  four  to  twen- 
ty acres,  several  fronting  on  the  lake.  Village  lots  for  building  purposes  can  be  had  at  from  fifty 
to  two  hundred  dollars. 

HEALTH. 

The  wonderful  healthfulness  of  the  place  has  been  the  subject  of  remark  for  the  past  thirty 
years.  There  are  people  now  living  there  that  have  been  residents  for  that  length  of  time,  and 
who  assur#  us  that  for  a population  of  seventy  souls  there  was  not  a physician  called  before  the 
war  in  fourteen  years.  What  other  portion  of  country  can  make  so  good  a showing?  It  is  high 
pine  land  with  excellent  water ; sore  throat  and  catarrh  soon  disappear  here. 

CLIMATE. 

Windsor  is  located  on  the  ridge  midway  between  Ocean  and  Gulf,  giving  it  a steady,  even 
climate.  No  hot  nights  here  and  few  insects. 

IMPROVEMENTS. 

Windsor  is  young— barely  six  months  old— and  there  are  up  and  in  course  of  construction 
about  twenty  houses,  several  of  them  costing  from  two  to  four  thousand  dollars;  two  saw  and 
planing  mills  running,  two  stores  up,  and  one  office:  another  store  building:  a post  office  estab- 
lished; several  orange  groves  set  out;  miles  of  streets  cleared  out — in  fact,  the  whole  face  of  the 
country  is  rapidly  improving. 

PROGRESS. 

During  the  winter  more  stores  are  to  go  up,  one  church,  one  academy,  and  a score  or  more  of 
dwellings.  A steamboat  is  to  be  put  on  Lake  Newnan  to  connect  with  the  Florida  Southern  Rail- 
road at  Gruelle. 

ACCESSIBILITY. 

Windsor  is  easy  of  access.  Take  the  steamer  to  Palatka,  whence  a ride  of  two  hours  on  the 
Florida  Southern  Railroad  takes  you  to  Gruelle  station;  or  Peninsular  Railroad  to  Campville, 
three  and  a half  hours  from  Jacksonville,  and  a hack  ride  of  thirty  or  forty  minutes  will  take 
you  there. 

HOTEL. 

We  have  an  excellent  site  overlooking  the  lake,  of  five  acres,  which  we  will  donate  to  any 
party  who  will  build  a good  hotel  to  accommodate  fifty  guests.  No  better  place  can  be  found. 

LANDS  FOR  SALE. 

Lands  can  be  purchased  at  from  fifteen  to  one  hundred  dollars  per  acre,  according  to  loca- 
tion, and  whether  timbered  or  cleared.  Several  beautiful  lake  fronts. 

DO  YOU  WANT  A HOME  IN  FLORIDA? 

If  so,  we  would  say — take  a good  look  at  Windsor  before  you  decide  where  to  settle.  Mr.  E. 
F.  Moody  is  Agent  at  Windsor  to  show  lands. 

For  further  particulars,  address. 


GRIFFIN  & CLARKSON,  17  West  Forsyth  St.,  JACKSONVILLE,  FLA. 


VI 


BY  ALL  ODDS  THE 

-4.K 


BEST  EQUIPPED  RAILROAD 


IN  THE  SOUTH 


LET  IT  BE  FOREVER  REMEMBERED  THAT 


THE  MOBILE  AND  OHIO  RAILROAD 

is  the  best  and  shortest  route  to  and  from  St.  Louis,  Chicago  and  the  Northwest  to  Jacksonville 
and  all  Florida  points,  via  I.  C.  E.  R.  to  Cairo  and  St.  L.  1.  M.  & So.  to  Columbus,  Ky. : M & O.  R.  P. 
to  MOBILE;  L.  & N.  E.  E.  to  Pensacola;  P.  & A.  R.  E.  to  Chattahoochee;  F C.  & W.  or  S F.  A:  W. 
Eys.  to  Jacksonville  and  there  connect  with  all  railway  and  steamboat  lines  diverging  for  all  the 
Attbactive  Winter  Resorts  in  Florida.  For  further  information  apply  to  any  of  the  com- 
pany’s agents  or  to  the  undersigned, 

CHAS.  J.  WALLER,  GEN.  PASS.  AGENT. 

MOBILE.  ALA. 


-m#  NEW  YORK 

AND 


CHARLESTON  AND  FLORIDA 


STEAMSHIP  COMPANIES. 

The  only  line  under  one  management  running  between  New  York  and  Palatka,  Fla.,  stopping 
at  Charleston,  Savannah,  Fernand, na,  Jacksonville,  and  landings  on  St.  Johns  river  between  Jack- 
sonville and  Palatka. 

The  New  Fork  and  Charleston  Steamship  Company’s  fleet  is  composed  of  the  following  first 
class  steamers : 

CITY  OF  COLUMBIA,  Capt.  Woodhull.  1 DELAWARE,  Capt.  Winnett. 

CITY  OF  ATLANTA,  Capt.  Lockwood.  | SAN  DOMINGO,  Capt.  Pennington. 

Leaving  New  York  from  Pier  27  North  River  at  3 P.  M.,  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday,  and 
connecting  at  Charleston  with  the  Iron  Steamships  of  the  Florida  Steamship  Company,  viz  ; 

CITY  OF  PALATKA,  Capt.  LesYogel.  I CITY  OF  MONTICELLO,  Capt.  Joseph  McKee. 

Connections  are  made  North  bound  at  Savannah  with  the  Steamship  and  Railroad  Lines  di 
verging  therefrom,  and  at  Charleston  with  the  rail  lines  from  that  point,  and  the  New  York  and 
Charleston  Steamship  Company  sailing  every  Tuesday  and  Friday  or  on  arrival  of  the  Florida 
Steamship  Company’s  steamers. 

THROUGH  RATES  OF  FREIGHT  AND  PASSAGE  TO  ALL  POINTS. 

For  further  information  apply  to  any  of  the  agents  of  the  line  or  to 

J.  W.  QUINTAED  & CO.,  I JAMES  ADGER  & CO., 

Gen.  Agents,  Pier  27  N.  R.,  New  York.  ] Agents,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

S.  B.  TOBY,  General  Freight  and  Passenger  Agent,  Pier  27  North  River,  New  York. 


Vll 


C.  H.  & S.  B.  WRIGHT, 

< s^3  ^5 


Office:  Masonic  Hall  Building;,  corner  New  York  Avenue  and  Boulevard, 
DeLAND,  FLORIDA. 


AG-BNTS 


DeBARY-BAYA  * MERCHANTS’  * LINE 

ST.  JOHNS  RIVER  STEAMERS. 


ileal  Estate  Bought  and  Sold;  Lands  Cleared  and  Set  to  Groves;  Groves,  Wild  Lands,  Building 
Lots  and  Business  Stands  always  on  hand. 

SEND  STAMPS  FOR  MAPS  AND  CIRCULAR. 

Conveyancing  in  all  its  branches  a specialty.  Titles  examined  and  search  furnished  if  desired. 


CHAS.  S.  BUSHNELL. 


J.  W.  CAMPBELL,  Attorney  at  Law. 


BUSHNELL  k CAMPBELL 


PANASOFFKEE, 


LAG 

D AG. 

EG 

TS 

Sumter  County,  Florida. 

Will  locate  Homesteads  on  good  Farming  Land,  adapted  to  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Culture,  lying 
on  Railroad  lines  and  navigable  streams.  Will  pay  Taxes  for  non-residents,  and  redeem  lands 
that  have  been  sold  for  taxes.  An  answer  on  land  and  other  matters  requires  the  enclosure  of 
two  postage  stamps. 

COLLECTIONS  MADE. 


v:u 


CARE  B.  McCLENNY, 

President  and  General  Manager. 


C.  F.  SHEET, 

Land  Commissioner. 


THE  FLORIDA  IMPROVEMENT 


J ■sE'  -viA  ~L*  *vl 


AND 


COLONIZATION  * SOCIETY 


✓jN.  w'JY 


(c> "T*  *T*  *T*  “^i-- 


7 


Darbyville,  Baker  Gounty,  Florida, 


(Twenty-eight  miles  from  Jacksonville,  on  Western  Division,  Florida  Railway  and  Navigation 

Company), 

Offer  for  sale  to  actual  settlers,  desirable  lands  on  installments,  "WITHOUT  MORTGAGE  and 
with  ABSOLUTELY  NO  FORFEITURE,  situated  in  the  most  delightful  and  healthful  portion  of 
the  State,  at  PRICES  MUCH  BELOW  CURRENT  VALUE. 


DAILY  MAILS.  WESTERN  UNION  TELEGRAPH  OFFICE. 


QUICK  AND  CHEAP  TRANSPORTATION.  CHURCHES  AND  SCHOOLS. 


PEACH  REGION  OE  FLORIDA  ss 

Railroad  fare  at  REDUCED  RATES  to  and  from  Jacksonville,  only  one  hour  distant. 

These  lands  were  selected  by  Hon.  C.  B.  McClenny  in  person  sixteen  years  ago,  paid  for  in 
cash,  and  the  titles  examined  and  approved  by  the  leading  counselor  in  Florida.  No  land  is 
offered  for  sale  for  which  ABSOLUTE  WARRANTY  DEED  will  not  be  given. 


-3*  THE  * HOTEL  * McCLENNY 


A new  building,  with  800  feet  of  veranda  and  all  modern  conveniences,  situated  directly  at 
the  depot,  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Sam.  H.  Smith,  of  Philadelphia,  late  of  the  St.  Mark’s 
Hotel,  Jacksonville,  offers  ample  and  superior  accommodations  for  sixty-five  <u-  seventy  guests, 
at  low  rates. 

Residence  and  business  lots  in  the  vigorous  young  towns  of 

GLEN  ST.  MARY  AND  DARBYVILLE. 

AT  ©35  AND  UPWARDS. 


COTTAGES  BUILT  TO  ORDER,  LAND  CLEARED  AND  FENCED.  GROVES,  ORCHARDS  AND 
VINEYARDS  MADE  AND  TAKEN  CARE  OF  FOR  PURCHASERS, 

ON  SMALL  PAYMENT  DOWN. 


For  particulars,  address  any  agent  of  the  Society,  or 


C.  F.  SHUEY,  LAND  COMMISSIONER, 

DARBYVILLE,  ~ - FLORIDA. 


IX 


D 


H 


to 


4,000,000  ACRES! 

mb  imomssr 


HAMILTON  DISSTON,  President. 


COMfyjy. 


r 


J.  J.  DUNNE,  Vice-President. 


T.  H.  ASBURY,  Treasurer. 


R.  SALINGER,  Secretary. 


Lands  for  Sale  at  Government  Price  of  $1.25  per  Acre. 

In  blocks  of  not  less  than  80  nor  more  than  640  acres,  within  six  miles  of  railroad  line, 

price  $2.50  per  acre. 


^KISSIMMEE  *LAND*C0.* 


T.  H.  ASBURY,  President. 

HAMILTON  DISSTON,  Vice-President. 


L.  W.  KLAHR,  Treasurer. 
T.  W.  PALMER,  Secretary. 


200,000  ACRES  CHOICEST  LOCATIONS 


For  Residence  and  Cultivation  of  Oranges,  Lemons,  Pineapples,  Bananas,  Cocoanuts,  etc.,  in  the 

Counties  of 

ORANGE,  BREVARD,  SUMTER,  POLK,  HILLSBOROUGH,  MANATEE,  AND  MONROE. 
Sold  in  quantities  to  suit  buyers.  Prices  from  $2.60  to  $10  per  Acre,  according  to  location  and 
quality. 

KISSIMMEE  CITY. 

Business  Lots $200  to  $500. 

Five-Acre  Lots $300  to  $500. 


A.  & G.  C.  G.,  AND  OKEECHOBEE  LAND  CO., 


S.  H.  GREY,  President.  J.  M.  KREAMER, 

W.  H.  WRIGHT,  Vice-President.  Engineer. 


H.  DISSTON,  Treasurer. 
R.  SALINGER.  Secretary. 


LANDS  FOR  SALE  IN  LOTS  OF  FROM  40  TO  10,000  ACRES, 

IN  COUNTIES  OF  BREVARD,  POLK,  MANATEE  AND  MONROE. 

PRICES. 

For  average  Pine  Lands 1.25  per  Acre. 

For  average  Prairie  and  Pasture  Lands -1.25  per  Acre. 

For  Lake  and  River  Fronts $5.00  to  10.00  per  Acre. 

For  Sugar  Lands 10.00  per  Acre. 

The  Lands  of  this  Company  are  specially  adapted  to  the  Culture  of  Tropical  Fruits,  Rice, 
Sugar  Cane,  etc.,  and  are  generally  accessible  by  steam  navigation. 


W.  T.  FORBES,  LAND  COMMISSIONER,  JACKSONVILLE,  FLA. 


X 


OF  THE 


A Live  and  Unique  Newspaper,  Published  at 
Jacksonville,  Fla., 
and  Devoted  to  the  Interests  of 
Floridians, 

Present  and  Prospective. 


A.  O.  WRIGHT, EDITOR. 


Sample  Copies  sent  on  Application. 


Ono  of  the  principal  “ topics  " is 


x'x 

W 


BAYARD 


x'x 

~xV* 


A tropical  town,  lying  high,  dry  and  rich,  directly  on  the  St.  Augustine  Railroad,  about  half- 
way between  Jacksonville  and  St.  Augustine,  eight  miles  west  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  sis  miles, 
east  of  the  St.  John’s  river  and  within  two  miles  of  steamboat  navigation  on  Julington  creek. 

Lots  125  by  165  feet ; avenues  100  feet  wide ; streets  CO  feet  wide ; alleys  10  feet  wide ; eight  lots- 
to  the  block.  A good  road  to  the  beach,  only  8 miles  distant.  Two  handsome  parks  are  located 
in  the  town  plot,  at  convenient  distances  from  the  central  portion  and  the  depot.  Fifty  dollars 
and  upwards  per  lot. 


FOR  FURTHER  INFORMATION,  PLATS,  MAPS,  ETC.,  CALL  ON  OR  ADDRESS 


xi 


The  Choicest  Offer  in  the  Real  Estate  Market  of 
Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Ten  Acres  each,  near  the  Railroad  and  Town  of 
Bayard, 

in  Duval  County,  Fla. 

WRIGHT  & NIC  CLURE,  . . AGENTS. 

I 

u 

Half  an  hour’s  ride  from  Jacksonville. 

i 

Another  “ topic  ” is  these  splendid 


i 


o £ ten  acres  each,  adjoining  the  new  town  o£  Bayard,  on  a very  desirable  tract,  well-watered  by 
clear,  never-tailing  streams,  flowing  into  the  St.  John's  river,  whose  natural  warmth  on  the  west, 
with  the  warm  breath  ot  the  Gulf  Stream  on  the  east,  gives  a truly  tropical  character  to  the  traei, 
on  which  the  Bayard  Farms  have  been  laid  out. 

Within  an  area  o£  five  miles  from  Bayard,  fifty  magnificent  orange  groves  are  flourishing 
unhurt  by  “cold  waves,”  and  iu  a constant  state  of  vigorous  growth.  Two  hundred  dollars  and 
upward  per  farm. 


WRIGHT  & IgCLURE, — in  the  rear  of  Post  Office, — JACKSONVILLE,  FLA. 


Xll 


J.  R.  COACHMAN, 

Real  Estate  Agent  

AND 

3*;  Land  Broker. 


CITY  ENGINEER  OF  OCALA. 

NOW  IS  YOUR  TINTED  TO  GET 


41.  — 150,000  acres  good  Pine  and  Ham- 
mock Land,  $1.'25  to  $3. 

42.  — 100,000  acres  of  the  finest  Timber 
Lands,  $1.25  to  $2.50. 


43. — 600  acres  of  Hammock  Land  upon 
Lake  Bryant ; three  miles  of  front. 
This  is  a very  fine  tract,  being  an 
old  grant  and  selected  30  or  40  years 
ago.  Price  from  $5  to  $20  per 
acre. 

44. -10,000  acres  of  fine  Pine  and 
Hammock  in  Levy  county,  haying 
both  water  and  railroad  facilities 
for  transportation,  etc.  This  tract 
embraces  quite  a variety  of  lands 
both  as  to  quality  and  location. 
Price  $2.50  per  acre. 

45.  — 25,000  acres  of  Pine  and  Ham- 
mock Land  situated  upon  the  IVitli- 


— AND— 

%> 


lacoocheo  river  and  Gulf  coast. 
Price  $1.25  to  $2.50  per  acre. 

46.  — 1,000  acres  of  first-class  Pine 
Land  from  one  to  two  miles  from 
the  famous  Blue  Spring  in  south- 
west corner  of  Marion  county. 
Price  $3  to  $5  per  acre. 

47. — 160  acres  of  Pine,  Oak  and  Hick- 
ory Land,  10  acres  cleared,  good 
dwelling  house,  3 rooms,  and  other 
out-buildings,  good  well  of  water. 
75  orange  trees,  some  bearing,  other 
fruit  trees,  such  as  plums,  peaches, 
etc.,  five  miles  north  of  Ocala,  on 
Florida  Southern  Bailroad.  Price 
$25  per  acre. 

48.  — GO  acres  of  good  Pine  Land  1% 
miles  north  of  Candler;  railroad 
runs  through  the  same.  Price  *20 
per  acre. 


DISST0N  PURCHASE  4,000,000  ACRES. 


Agent  for  said  lands  in  Alachua,  Lafayette,  Levy,  Marion  and  Hernando  counties.  Said 
Agency  embraces  some  of  the  best  and  varied  lands  in  the  State,  suitable  for  the  production  of 
Corn,  Cotton,  Bice,  Sugar,  Tobacco,  Grain,  etc.,  and  rspecially  adapted  for  all  kinds  of  Tropical 
Fruits. 

Government  Homesteads,  Entries,  etc.,  and  also  Bailroad  Lands  carefully  selected  and 
reported  upon  and  entries  made.  Have  now  on  hand  some  very  fine  and  desirable  Homesteads 
in  Levy,  Alachua  and  Marion  counties.  Parties  wishing  to  negotiate  loans  upon  Orange  Groves 
and  other  desirable  Beal  Estate  will  find  it  to  their  interest  to  correspond  with  this  office. 

Loans  Made  that  Pay  from  10  to  15  Per  Cent.  Interest. 

Special  attention  given  to  all  Engineering  and  Surveying  business,  and  all  work  done  with 
best  Solar  and  Magnetic  Instruments.'  Seven  years'  experience  in  State  surveying.  Parties  indi- 
vidually, and  representatives  of  colonies  and  mill  men  especially,  would  do  well  to  call  upon  me 
before  purchasing  elsewhere.  Correspondence  solicited  and  rates  cheerfully  given. 


J.  R.  COACHMAN, 

Office  over  Snowden’s  Drug  Store,  southeast.  Corner  Court-House  Square. 

OCALA.  FLORIDA. 


xiii 


$g§$R.  * W.  ^ WILLIAMSH^ 

ATTORNEY  * AND  * COUNSELLOR  * AT  * LAW, m*m 

— AND  * SOLICITOR  * IN  * CHANCERY, 

TALLAHASSEE,  FLORIDA. 

Special  attention  given  to  Real  Estate  Law  and  the  Examination  of  Titles. 


-»J.  T.  BERNARD,** 

-»•« ATTORNEY  » AT  » LAW, 9se« 

TALLAHASSEE,  FLORIDA. 

Financial  agent,  agent  for  Colonies. 

Collections  and  Legal  Business  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 


^SUNNYSIDE  HOTELS 


S.  M.  HALL,  Proprietor.  JACKSONVILLE,  FLA. 

■Convenient  to  the  business  portion  of  the  city,  and  to  all  the  R.  R.  depots  and  Steamboat  landings. 
Comfortable  Rooms,  Shaded  Verandas,  Excellent  Cuisine,  Competent  and  Polite  Attendance, 
and  all  Modern  Conveniences.  JdSp  Rates  Especially  Reasonable.”®® 


<iBETTELINI’S  HOTEL, !> 

44=  EUROPEAN  PLAN.  <=b 
18  East  Bat  St.,  Jacksonville,  Fla., 
two  doors  west  of  post-office. 

All  street  cars  from  depots  and  steamers  pass 
the  Hotel.  Rooms  50  cents  per  day  and  up- 
wards. Rooms  for  Two  75  cents  and  upwards, 
according  to  size  and  location.  FIRST-CLASS 
RESTAURANT  attached,  where  Regular  Meals 
are  served.  Breakfast,  25 cts.  Dinner,  25  cts. 
Supper,  25  cts.  Lunch  Counter,  N.  Y.  Prices. 

F.  BETTELINI,  Proprietor. 


GULF  HAMMOCK  HOUSE. 

Nine  miles  from  Otter  Creek  Station,  Florida, 
The  leading  resort  for  Sportsmen  on  the  Gulf 
Coast.  This  Hotel  is  situated  on  the  most  beauti- 
ful river  and  amidst  the  iinest  scenery,  and  best 
Hammock  lands  in  Florida.  There  is  good  fish- 
ing for  Black  Bass,  Sheepshead,  &c.,  &c.,  and 
abundance  of  Deer  and  Turkey.  Hunter  and 
Boats  for  hire.  Communication  with  Cedar 
Key  by  Sail  Boat.  TERMS.  $2  to  $3  per  day; 
$12.50  to  $15  per  week ; $50  to  $60  per  month. 
Capt.  Wingate  is  again  here  to  welcome  his  old 
friends.  For  further  particulars  address 

Gulf  Hammock  Hotel  Co., 

Levy  County,  Florida. 


LORIDA  * UNI  VERSIT  Y,t€* 


T.AJ1.I-,.A.H:.A.SSEE, 


FLO  R.  X 3D  .A.. 


Tallahassee  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery;  Literary,  Law,  Theological.  Polytechnic,  Normal 
and  Military  Departments ; Commercial  School ; a fine  Library  and  extensive  Museum ; Twenty-five 


Professors  and  Instructors.  For  Calendar,  containing  terms,  &c.,  apply  to  J.  T.  BERNARD,  Sec’y. 


THE 

O E XD  .A.  R 


SU  W ANEK, 

KEY,  FLORID 


Beautifully  situated  on  the  Island  of  Cedar  Key,  overlooking  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Sail,  -"liter  Bathing  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  The  only  Hotel  In  Florida  where  Oysters,  Fish 
and  Game  are  a specialty.  RATES,  $2.50  to  $3.00  perday.  Special  Rates  by  the  week  or  month. 


A.  E.  WILLARD, 
FRANK  McILVAINE, 


Proprietors. 


— =|LUCY  COTTAGr  K,  1= 

SEVENTH  STREET,- (Near  Egmont  Hotel) FERNANDINA,  FLORIDA. 

EVERYTHING  CLEAN  AND  COMFORTABLE. 

PLEASANT  ROOMS,  NEW  FURNITURE,  HAIR  MATTRESSES.  NATIONAL  SPRINGS. 

MISS  LUCY  O.  THOMPSON. 


XIV 


SPEED,  SAFETY  AND  COMFORT 

NO  LINES  EXCEL 


THE  ASSOCIATED 

Railways  of  Virginia  and  the  Carolinas, 


OPERATING  THE  MOST  IMPORTANT  AND  DIRECT  ROUTES  BETWEEN  THE 


NORTH,  EAST,  SOUTH  AND  SOUTHWEST. 




TH E PIEDMONT  AIR  LINE, 

BUNNING  DOUBLE  DAILY  TRAINS  BETWEEN  EASTERN  CITIES,  ATLANTA  & NEW  ORLEANS. 
Makes  direct  connection  to  Jacksonville  and  Tallahassee,  both 
via  Columbia  or  Augusta  and  Atlanta. 

TIME,  NEW  YORK  TO  NEW  ORLEANS,  54  HOURS. 


THE  ATLANTIC  COAST  LINE, 

, RUNNING  DOUBLE  DAILY  TRAINS  BETWEEN  THE  EAST  AND  SAVANNAH, 

Makes  direct  connection  to  Jacksonville,  Tallahassee,  Pensacola  and  New  Orleans. 

TIME,  NEW  YORK  TO  JACKSONVILLE.  38  HOURS. 

The  Western  North  Carolina  R.  R.  or  “French  Broad  Route.” 

Between  Cincinnati,  Louisville  aud  Charleston.  S.  C.,  with  connections  to  Jacksonville  and  Talla- 
hassee, offers  superb  scenic  attractions,  unequaled  in  the  Western  Hemisphere, 
and  from  Salisbury  south  furnishes  three  distinct  lines  of  travel,  viz  : 

Yia  Chaklotte,  Columbia  and  Augusta. 

Via  Charlotte,  Columbia  and  Charleston. 

Via  Raleigh,  Goldsboro  and  Wilmington,  and  Charleston. 


For  Tickets,  Schedules  Pullman  Car  Service,  and  general  information,  apply  to 
H.  P.  CLARK,  General  Eastern  Passenger  Agent,  ....  009  Broadway,  N.  Y. 

WALDO  A.  PEARCE,  New  England  Agent,  ....  228  Washington  St.,  Boston. 

No.  6 North 4th  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
. . No.  9 German  St.,  Baltimore. 

- No.  511  Penn.  Avenue,  Washington. 
No.  601  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  Washington. 

Richmond,  Ya. 
No.  146  Common  St.,  New  Orleans. 

49  W.  Bay  St.,  Jacksonville.  Fla. 

T.  M.  Emerson,  Sol  Haas,  M.  Slaughter, 

G.  P.  A.,  Atlantic  Coast  Line,  Traffic  Manager,  G.  P.  A. , Richmond  & Dan vlUe  R.  B., 

Wilmington,  N.  C.  Richmond,  Ya.  Richmond,  Ya. 


F.  B.  PRICE,  Agent,  - 

JAS.  HOLLINGSHEAD,  Agent, 

A.  L.  REED,  Agent, 

N.  MACDANIEL,  Agent,  - 
C.  W.  HARWOOD,  Passenger  Agent, 
M.  R.  POWERS,  Passenger  Agent, 
W.  W.  DAVIE,  General  Agent,  ) 

G.  W.  TAYLOR,  Passenger  Agent, ) 


XV 


OFFICE  OF  "THE  FLORIDA  FRUIT  AND  FARM  COLONY.” 


CHARLES  A.  CHOATE,  ALFRED  A.  ANDREWS, 

Tallahassee,  Fla.  J-J  pT  Springfield,  Mass. 

8EiLEST4!*  ixcgty 

\>v  ^1  TALLAHASSEE,!^-  W 

LEON  COUNTY,  FLORIDA. 


Middle  Florida  (embracing  the  counties  of  Madison,  Jefferson,  Leon,  Gadsden,  and  Wakulla), 
is  the  central  field  of  our  operations. 

The  lands  are  mainly  a rich  alluvial  loam  with  a strong  red  clay  subsoil  of  great  agricultural 
possibilities ; are  well  watered  and  produce  abundant  crops  of  Corn,  Cotton,  Tobacco,  Sugar-cane, 
Grasses,  Potatoes,  Turnips,  Sweet  Potatoes,  Fruits  in  large  variety  and  most  of  the  Northern  farm 
staples;  and  are  admirably  adapted  to  raising  Horses,  Mules,  Cattle,  Sheep,  Poultry  and  Dairy 
Products,  for  all  of  which  there  is  a large  demand  at  our  doors,  at  highly  remunerative  prices. 

It  is  the  highest,  healthiest  and  most  attractive  part  of  the  State,  and  presents  a picturesque 
panorama  of  high  hills,  broad  fertile  valleys,  vast  forests  of  Oak,  Hickory,  Magnolia  and  Pine, 
studded  with  beautiful  lakes,  that  cannot  be  surpassed  in  the  South.  The  climate  is  exquisite, 
and  especially  desirable  for  constant  residence  the  year  round;  the  roads  are  excellent;  the 
country  is  hilly,  and  it  justly  merits  its  name  of  the  “ Garden  of  the  State.” 

The  organization  and  development  of  colonization  plans  in  this  truly  favored  region  receive 
•our  special  attention. 

CORRESPONDENCE  IS  INVITED. 


CEDAR  KEY,  MANATEE  RIVER  & TAMPA. 


THE  A 1 STEAMERS  OF  THE 


E 

f 

TAMPA  * STEAMSHIP  * COMPANY 


PERFORM  REGULAR 


* SEMI-WEEKLY  * SERVICE  * 

between  above  points,  leaving  Cedar  Key  Mondays  and  Thursdays  on  arrival  of  Florida  Railway 
.and  Navigation  Company’s  train  at  6 P.  M.,  making  close  connection  at  Tampa  with  U.  S.  Mail 
Steamer  for  Key  West.  Leaving  Tampa  Wednesdays  and  Fridays  at  8 A.  M.,  and  calling  at  all 
points  on  Manatee  river  both  going  and  coming. 

MILLER  & HENDERSON,  OWNERS  AND  MANAGERS, 

TAMPA,  FLORIDA. 


XVI 


I THE  FLORIDA  IMMIGRANT.  I 

“THE  TRUTH,  THE  WHOLE  TRUTH  AND  NOTHING  BUT  THE  TRUTH.” 

An  eight  page  Monthly  Journal  devoted  to  the  dissemination  of  trustworthy  Information  concerning 

i^FLORIDA,'^ 

Its  Soil,  Climate,  Productions,  Resources,  Advantages  and  Opportunities  for  Profitable  Investment. 

Published  at  Tallahassee,  Fla.,  at  O "E  DOLLAR  per  annum,  including  one  of  Colton’s 
New  and  Colored  Maps  of  the  State,  compiled  with  accuracy  from  official  sources  up  to  1st  Jan.,  1885. 

The  Immigrant  is  a comprehensive,  impartial  and  exhaustive  channel  of  information  con- 
cerning every  part  of  the  State,  and  strives  to  make  itself  a reliable  adviser,  and  welcome  visitor 
to  those  who  seek  for  a new  home  In  Florida.  Address 

THE  FLORIDA  IMMIGRANT,  TALLAHASSEE,  FLA. 


ft  HE  HARN  ETT  HOUSE, 

SAVANNAH,  GEORGIA, 

Is  conceded  to  be  the  most  comfortable  and  by  far  the  best  conducted  hotel  In  Savannah. 

J RATES,  $2.00  and  $2.50  Per  Day,  According  to  Room  and  Location. 


^M.  L.  HARNETT.^ 


The  Harnett  House,  as  now  conducted,  is  doing  a large  business.  The  superior  cuisine,  intel- 
ligent management  convenient  location  and  extremely  moderate  rates,  make  it  the  most  popular 
hotel  in  Savannah. — Jacksonville  [Flu  ) Times-Union. 


The  Boston  & Savannah  Steamship  Company. 


ONLY  DIRECT  LINE  BETWEEN  THE  SOUTH  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 


Running  Steamers  Weekly,  every  Thursday  from  Boston  and  Savannah,  and  connecting  at 
Savannah  with  all  rail  and  steamer  lines  to  all  points  in  Florida,  Alabama.  Georgia,  the  South, 
Southwest  and  Mexico. 


The  Steamshijjs  of  this  line  are  the  new,  fast  and  elegant  iron  steamers  "f  2.200  tons  each: 

GATE  CITY, - Capt.  DANIEL  HEDGE. 

CITY  OF'  MACON,  -----  Capt.  WM.  KELLY,  Jb. 

LOWEST  RATES,  FASTEST  TIME , AND  GREATEST  COMFORT. 


Through  Tickets  and  Bills  of  Lading  issued  from  and  to  all  points.  For  further  Inf'  rmation  apply  to 

W.  H.  RING.  ....  Nickerson’s  Wharf.  Congress  St..  Boston. 

A.  DE  W.  SAMPSON,  ------  201  Washington  St..  Boston 

RICHARDSON  & BaRNARD,  - - - Savannah.  Ga. 

HENRY  R CHRISTIAN,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 


xvu 


COAST 


iGULF 

§jT 

j ALL  RAIL 

]s  ; • 


-t-3- 


1 


ROUTE 


&siVIA  PENSACOLA,  KXj  A..  e&A 

PENSACOLA  & ATLANTIC  RAILROAD, 


THE  SHORT  LINE  BETWEEN 


tR  NEW  ORLEANS  AND  ALL  FLORIDA  POINTS, 


-FROM  THE  WEST  AND  NORTHWEST 


THE  EXPOSITION  ROUTE  TO  FLORIDA, 

VIA  NEW  ORLEANS  AND  PENSACOLA  FROM  THE  NORTH  AND  EAST. 

-s- — --^HE  FLORIDA  ROUTE  TO  THE  EXPOSITION.^-- — 


Via  Washington,  Richmond,  Savannah  & Pensacola,  orViaFernandina,  Jacksonville  & Pensacola. 


PULLMAN  PALACE  BUFFET  SLEEPING  CARS  between  New  Orleans  & Jacksonville. 

Solid  Trains  between  Pensacola  Junction  and  Jacksonville , 

VIA  PENSACOLA  AND  TALLAHASSEE. 


^•Miles  Magniflcicent  Bay  Scenery.  Fast  Trains*  Steel  Kails.  Sure  Connections.*^- 


ASK  FOR  TICKETS,  A.ND  BE  . t t a -| — , , — a -\t  r>  a t \ 

SURE  YOU  GET  THEM,  V I A.  P ENSACOLA. 

PASSENGERS  GOING  IN  EITHER  DIRECTION  WILL  BE  ALLOWED  TO  STOP  OVER  AT 


=Rh- 


i^'LAKE  DE  FUNIAK, 

FTHE  FLORIDA  CH ATAUOIJA.” 


The  First  Session  of  the  Florida  Chatauqua  will  open  the  THIRD  TUESDAY  IN  FEBRUARY 
and  continue  Four  Weeks. 

A new  and  elegant  Hotel,  equal  in  all  its  appointments  to  any  in  the  country,  will  be  open 
Nov.  1st  for  visitors.  It  is  furnished  with  all  the  modern  conveniences,  gas,  hot  and  cold  water. 

It  is  situated  on  the  borders  of  Lake  de  Funiak,  a beautiful  sheet  of  water  in  the  pine  forest, 
thirty  miles  from  and  three'hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  midway  between 
New  Orleans  and  Jacksonville. 

No  more  attractive  place  can  be  found  in  the,State. 


Pullman  Palace  Sleeping  Cars 

BETWEEN  MONTGOMERY,  ALABAMA,  AND  TAVARES,  FLORIDA, 

THE  FARTHEST  POINT  SOUTH  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  REACHED 


BY  ALL  RAIL. 


W.  D.  CHIPLEY,  Cen’l  Superintendent,  F.  C.  SHEPAKD,  (xen’l  Passenger  Agent, 
F.  S.  GRIMES,  Traveling  Agent 

PENSACOLA, a — * FLORIDA. 


XV111 


^ -v  V ^ ^ V- 
— • • - ' • ~ 


THE  FLORIDA  FRUIT  AND  FARM  COLONY.  «- 

Chartered  xjndee  the  Laws  of  Florida.  Capital  Stock.  S25,000.  

INCORPORATORS  : 

EDWARD  LEWIS,  Tallahassee,  Fla.  I JOHN  II.  STEBBIXS,  Springfield,  Mass. 

O.  E.  DYKE,  Tallahassee,  Fla.  | ALFRED  A.  ANDREWS,  Springfield,  Mass. 

M.  MARTIN,  TJ.  S.  Surveyor  General,  Gadsden  County,  Florida. 


This  organization  proposes  to  bring  together  and  colonize  Northern  and  Western  people  of 
similar  tastes,  habits  and  desires,  and  to  secure  for  each  the  advantages  of  society,  schools, 
churches,  and  other  local  conditions  calculated  for  the  general  welfare. 

The  Actual  Settler  will  find  that  the  project  combines  many  attractions  to  him ; but  the 
speculator  can  probably  find  other  channels  more  to  his  mind.  Address 

THE  FLORIDA  FRUIT  AND  FARM  COLONY,  TALLHASSEE,  FLA. 


THE  BANK  OF  OCALA,  Florida  State  Agricultural  College, 


(JNO.  F.  D\JNN  & CO.) 

Ocala, — Marion  County,  — Florida. 


We  will  do  a GENERAL  BANKING  BUSINESS; 
and  being  centrally  located,  and  having  a large 
capital,  gives  us  facilities  unsurpassed  by  any 
Bank  in  the  State.  Patronage  solicited. 

J.  M.  BLAIR,  Cashier, 

Late  Cashier  Exchange  National  Bank, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


EAST  FLORIDA  SEMINARY. 


AT  LAKE  CITY. 

On  Florida  Central  and  Western  Railroad. 
Sixty  miles  west  of  Jacksonville,  offers  to  North- 
ern students  a winter  home,  and  the  best  edu- 
cational advantages  at  moderate  cost.  Session 
BEGINS  OCTOBER  1st,  and  ENDS  JUNE  9th. 
Classical,  Scientific  and  Agricultural  Courses, 
with  Military  Tactics.  Full  faculty,  unsur- 
passed climate,  pure  water. 

Send  for  Announcement  to 

ASHLEY  D.  HTRT,  President. 


THE  MANSION  HOUSE, 


A State  Institution  with  Military  Organization. 


Session  1884-85  Begins  September  24, 1884. 

The  Curriculum  embraces  English,  Mathe- 
matical, Classical  and  Commercial  Studies.  The 
Methods  of  Instruction  are  strictly  Normal,  and 
the  Training  Class  affords  Professional  Prepara- 
tion to  students  AND  OTHERS  who  expect  to  be- 
come Teachers.  The  Military  Department  is  In 
charge  of  Lieut.  A.  L.  Wagner,  of  II.  S.  Army,  a 
Graduate  of  West  Point. 

USTFor  copies  of  Annual  Register,  apply  to 

Cot.  E.  P.  CATER , Sup't, 

Gainesville,  Florida. 


FEBNANDINA,  * © © FLORIDA. 

MRS.  B.  M.  DOWNIE.  PROPRIETRESS. 


This  old,  favorite  and  well-known  House  has 
been  thoroughly  renovated,  repaired  and  re- 
painted, and  offers  superior  inducements  to  the 
traveling  public.  Good  beds,  pleasant  rooms,  a 
perfect  cuisine,  careful  and  polite  attendants, 
and  its  convenience  to  all  depots  and  landings, 
make  it  the  best  place  in  the  city  for  either 
transient  or  permanent  custom. 

A reasonable  proposal  for  the  purchase  of  the 
entire  hotel  property,  (one  of  the  handsomest 
and  most  desirable  in  the  State)  from  the  right 
party  will  he  entertained. 


<0 ST.  LOUIS  & CAIRO  RAILROAD.^ 

—THE  ONLY  DIRECT  THROUGH  LINE  BETWEEN — 

— c AT  RO*ANDsST.  LOUIS  . ■«©«- 

Close  connections  with  the  MOBILE  AND  OHIO  at  CAIRO,  and  at  St.  LOUIS  with  all  lines  diverging. 
It  you  contemplate  taking  a trip  NORTH  or  WEST  call  for  tickets  via  this  popular  route  and 
take  none  other.  NO  DELAYS.  QUICK  TIME,  and  change  of  cars  made  in  Union  Depots. 


51  NOTE  THE  TIMEise 

LEAVE  CAIRO  11.45  a.  m.  10.15  p.  M. 

ARRIVE  St.  LOUIS  7.00  r.  M.  6.50  a.  m., 

Ktp  Our  tickets  are  on  sale  at  all  principal  ticket  offices  throughout  the  South.-=SAt 
OHAS.  HAMILTON,  JNO.  H.  TRACY.  BOBT.  BELL, 

General  Superintendent.  Trav.  Pass.  Agt.  Ass’t  G.  P.  A. 

ST.  LOUIS. 


C.  A.  FINLEX. 


W.  E.  DORTCH 


E.  L.  SNOWDEN, 


REAL  ESTATE  AGENCY 

— OF — 

FINLEY,  DORTCH  & SNOWDEN, 

LAKE  CITY,  FLORIDA. 

The  above  firm  have  opened  an  office  for  the  Sale  and  Purchase  of  Real  Estate  in  Columbia, 
Baker,  Bradford,  Alachua,  Lafayette,  Suwannee  and  Hamilton  Counties.  Parties  desiring  to  pur- 
chase or  exchange  property  in  either  of  these  Counties  will  receive  prompt  attention,  should  they 
*apply  to  our  Agency.  Lands  located  by  DORTCH  & SNOWDEN,  Practical  Surveyors. 


ALL  kinds  OF  j -^XE  W S DEALER  .B  f watches,  clocks, 

SPORTSMEN’S  0 JEWELRY. 


GOODS. 

E.  W.  CLARK, 

JJL  W I . 

—ALLIGATOR— 

FLOEIDA 

Hides  Tanned.  , 

^ TALLAHASSEE— — — — FLOEIDA.  ^ 

f.  C URIOS 

■^ST.  .*  JAMES  * HOTELS 


TALLAHASSEE,  FLORIDA. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  this  well-known  and  popular  house,  having  recovered  possession 
from  the  late  lessees,  and  having  thoroughly  renovated  and  repaired  the  entire  premises,  are  now 
prepared  to  receive  guests,  and  will  do  all  in  their  power  to  recover  for  the  place  its  former  patron- 
sage  and  prosperity. 

Rates  : — S2.50  to  $3  per  day.  Special  terms  by  the  week  or  month. 

ME.  AND  MES.  GEQEGE  A.  LAMB. 


CLARENDON  HOTEL,  GREEN  COVE  SPRINGS,  FLORIDA. 


HAEEIS  & APPLEGATE,  PEOPEIETOES. 


The  Clarendon  has  accommodations  for  200  guests;  its  appointments  are  first-class.  The 
Oreen  Cove  Warm  Sulphur  Spring,  flowing  3,000  gallons  per  minute,  is  located  ou  the  grounds  of 
this  hotel.  All-rail  connections  with  Jacksonville;  street  cars  from  the  station  to  the  hotel. 


TWO  MILLIONS 

of  acres  of  Farming,  Orange,  Tim- 
ber and  Grazing  Lands,  situated 
in  twenty-nine  counties,  and  com- 
prising the  lands  bought  by  Sir 
Edward  J.  Reed,  from  the  State  of 
Florida  in  1881,  are  now  offered  at 
graded  prices.  These  lands  were 
selected  by  Hon.  Hugh  A.  Corley, 
late  Commissioner  of  the  State 
Land  Office,  and  Mr.  M.  A.  Wil- 
liams, late  agent  for  sale  of  State 
lands,  which  fact  is  a guaranty  of 
their  high  quality.  The  purchase 
known  as  the  Reed  Purchase  was 
only  opened  for  sale  this  year,  and 
the  lands  have  not  been  culled  or 
picked  over.  No  part  has  been 
reserved  in  any  manner,  and  the 
whole  is  open  for  sale.  Special 
prices  on  large  tracts.  Timber 
lands,  virgin  forests  in  bodies  of 
50,000  acres  and  upwards.  Lands 
sold  for  cash,  or  on  long  time. 

THE  FLORIDA  LAND  AND  MORTGAGE  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

JACKSONVILLE.  FLORIDA. 


xxl 


THE 

FLORIDA  LAND  AND  MORTGAGE  COMPANY 

(LIMITED). 


2,000,000  ACRES 

It  is  strange  that  although  this  beautiful 
“ Land  of  Sunshine  and  Flowers,”  also  of 
health  and  prospective  wealth,  was  the 
earliest  discovered,  explored  and  settled 
portion  of  the  mainland  of  North  America, 
yet  it  has  remained  almost  a terra  incognita 
for  over  300  years,  not  only  to  Europe,  but 
even  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  United  States, 
of  which  it  forms  a part. 

The  wonderful  productiveness  and  the 
immense  resources  that  could  be  developed 
from  its  sandy  soil  were  never  ‘ ‘ dreamed 
of.”  It  was  not  until  within  the  past  ten 
years  that  Florida  has  become  widely 
known,  not  only  as  the  “ Land  of  Sunshine 
and  Flowers,”  but  also  as  the  land  of  the 
orange,  lemon,  lime,  citron,  pineapple,  ba- 
nana, cocoanut,  guava,  mango  and  other 
semi-tropical  and  tropical  fruits.  Florida 
has  also  been  recently  styled  the  ‘ 1 Italy  of 
America,”  and  its  climate  and  fruits  are 
now  acknowledged  to  be  both  of  them  su- 
perior to  the  renowned  climate  and  fruits 
of  Italy.  Nothing  has  contributed  so  much 
to  draw  the  attention  of  the  civilized  world 
to  this  “ American  Italy”  as  the  great  pur- 
chases of  Florida  land's  recently  made  by 
Hamilton  Disston  and  Sir  Edward  Eeed,  of 
England.  The  2,000,000  acres  acquired  by 
the  latter  distinguished  English  capitalist 
were  subsequently  sold  to  the  Florida  Land 
and  Mortgage  Company,  a corporation  of 
English  capitalists,  and  offices  have  now 
been  established  in  London  and  Jackson- 
ville, and  the  lands  graded  and  put  on  the 
market. 

The  office  in  London  is  at  No.  20,  Buck- 


FLORIDA  LARDS. 

lersbury;  the  Jacksonville  office,  No.  8 
West  Bay  street,  and  under  the  charge  of 
A.  D.  Basnett,  as  resident  manager,  and 
Arthur  T.  Williams,  as  Land  Commission- 
er. Agencies  have  been  also  established 
in  each  of  the  counties  where  the  Company 
holds  lands,  and  information  will  he  cheer- 
fully given  to  all. 

The  lands  of  this  corporation  are  situated 
in  no  less  than  twenty-nine  counties  in  the 
State,  embracing  parts  of  West,  East,  Mid- 
dle and  South  Florida.  These  lands  were 
selected  with  great  care  out  of  all  the  lands 
then  owned  by  the  State  by  Colonel  M.  A. 
Williams,  under  the  special  supervision  of 
the  Hon.  Hugh  A.  Corley,  late  a member  of 
the  Cabinet  of  the  Governor  of  the  State, 
Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 
Internal  Improvement  Fund  of  Florida, 
Commissioner  of  Lands  for  Florida,  ete 

The  said  lands  are  adapted  to  the  growth 
of  all  the  tropical  and  semi-tropical  fruits, 
as  well  as  sugar-cane,  rice,  tobacco,  cotton, 
early  vegetables,  small  fruits,  etc.  They 
were  selected  with  a view  to  their  present 
and  prospective  value  for  timber  and  agri- 
cultural purposes,. and  embrace  every  va- 
riety of  soil  and  surface  to  be  found  in  the 
State.  The  Company  has  large  tracts  of 
valuable  timber  lands,  mostly  virgin  forests 
of  yellow  pine,  and  can  sell  in  large  bodies, 
ranging  from  50,000  acres  to  300,000  acres, 
and  offers  special  inducements  to  lumber 
men.  These  tracts  embrace  the  most  val- 
uable timber  tracts  in  the  South,  and  mill- 
men  and  those  interested  in  lumber,  would 
do  well  to  correspond  with  the  Company. 


XX 11 


THE  BACON  & ADAMS  ABSTRACT  COMPANY 

OCALA.  MARION  COUNTY,  FLORIDA. 

Complete  set  <>£  Abstract  Books  for  Marion  County.  Abstracts  furnished  to  order  on  short  notice. 
mr  BATES  REASONABLE.  -OJA 


I . Y WESTERVELT  , 

SILVER  SPRING,  MARION  COUNTY, FLORIDA, 

DEALER  IN  GENERAL  MERCHANDISE,  AND  REAL  ESTATE  AGENT. 


Orange  Groves  set  out  and  cultivated 


WM,  C.  LADD  & CO., 

KINGSLEY  LAKE,  CLAY  COUNTY,  FLORIDA. 

Dealers  in  Beal  Estate.  Will  sell,  purchase, 
improve  and  pay  taxes  for  non-residents.  Houses 
And  land  for  rent. 

Special  attention  given  to  locating,  setting  out 
and  attending  to  Orange  groves  and  other  trop- 
ical fruits. 

Highest  land  in  Florida.  Magnificent  Lake. 
Perfectly  healthy;  fine  hunting,  fishing,  rowing, 
sailing  and  bathing. 

Those  affected  with  lung  difficulties,  catarrh, 
asthma,  rheumatism,  and  all  kindred  com 
plaints  are  cured,  or  greatly  benefited. 

If  you  think  of  coming  to  Florida,  write  us  how 
you  are  situated,  and  what  you  want.  If  we  can 
help  you  we  will  be  pleased  to  do  so;  if  we  can- 
not, we  will  frankly  say  so.  We  solicit  your  pat- 
ronage and  guarantee  satisfaction. 


FLORIDA  LjAlUNTIDS. 


HOPKINS  & LE  BARON, 

CIVIL  ENGINEERS  AND  SURVEYORS, 

REAL  ESTATE  DEALERS, - 

ROOMS  8 & 9,  BOSTWICK'S  BLOCK,  FOOT  OF 

PINE  ST.,  JACKSONVILLE,  FLA. 

Agents  for  Disston,  Okeechobee  & Kissimmee 
Land  Companies. 

Agents  for  South  Florida  Land  Company,  of 
Bartow  and  Ft.  Meade. 

Agents  for  Town  of  Ft.  Myers. 

Agents  for  the  sale  of  Government  and  State 
Lands  for  sale  all  over  the  State. 

Thirty-three  years’  experience  and  acquain- 
tance in  Florida. 

UNITED  STATES  AND  COUNTY  SURVEYORS. 


contract.  Correspondence  Solicited. 


FLORIDA  REAL  ESTATE. 


W.  & W.  S.  WALKER, 

64  West  Bay  Street.  Jacksonville,  Florida, 

Have  for  sale  on  the  most  favorable  terms, 
every  variety  of  FLORIDA  LANDS,  in  nearly 
every  part  of  the  State. 

Improved  Lands,  Orange  Groves.  City  Prop- 
erty, Suburban  Lots,  Unimproved  Lands— ALL 
BARGAINS. 

Between  800  and  1,000  lots  in  the  beautiful  and 
elevated  suburban  town  of  RIVERSIDE,  averag- 
ing 25  to  30  feet  above  Bay  Street,  and  forhealth- 
fulness  and  magnificent  views  UNSURPASSED 
ANYWHERE. 

fSg=Send  for  catalogues,  read  and  see  what  we 
have,  and  then  COME  AND  SEE  US. 


C.  L.  MITCHELL. 
FORT  MEADE,  POLK  CO.,  FLORIDA. 

Agent  for  the  Disston  and  'Waiiee  Lands,  and 
General  Agent  tor  Sale  and  Purchase  of  l nited 
States  and  Private  Lands. 


I plant  groves,  and  care  for  them:  pay 
taxes,  and  attend  to  any  other  business  for  non- 
residents. Can  furnish  trees,  plants  .and  seeds 
of  all  kinds,  from  my 

SUNNYSIDE  NURSERIES. 


i Correspondence  (with  stamp  enclosed)  solicited. 


McCRACKEN.  BACON  & CO.. 

SREAL  ESTATE  AGEXTS,| 


LEESBURG, 


-SUMTER  COUNTY. 


FLORIDA. 


NED.  E.  FARRELL, 

#;i  W ALDO  LAND  OFKICE,?^ 

WALDO,  FLORIDA. 

,8©- Maps  and  papers  descriptive  of  Waldo  and  vicinity  sent  free  to  all  who  enclose  stamps. 


.PUTNAM  HOUSt 
cPALATKA./LA.. 


EQUINOX.  HOU^ET 

MANCHESTER., VT. 


X'X 

XiX 


THE  WINDSOR 


x'x 

"xix 


’i 1 "'<si|e|lq;aiio;eio  o'o'r  b o';b®;o  e fe^o'jq'ir'lQ'qie  , f 


is  one  of  the 


MOST  * ELEGANT  * AND  * PEEFECT  * HOTELS  * IN  * THE  * UNITED  * STATES 


Its  location,  facing  east  on  the  City  Park  and  South  on  Monroe 
Street,  is  the  finest  in  Jacksonville. 


A Glimpse  of  An  Elysian 


BY  KEY.  DAVID  MOORE,  D.  D. 


Land. 


You  ask  me  to  tell  your  readers  something  about  Florida  In  general,  and  of  DeLand  In  partic- 
ular. Let  me  say  first,  then,  that  the  glory  of  Florida  Is  its  climate,  and  the  great  advantage  . f 
a winter  spent  here  is,  that  invalids  can  live  mainly  out  of  doors,  and  breathe  the  fresh  open  air, 
and  bask  in  the  warm  sunshine.  Owing  to  the  peninsular  piosition  of  Florida,  its  climate  is 
unique.  It  is  different  from  that  of  any  other  Southern  State,  and  you  find  nothing  just  like  it 
either  in  Europe  or  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Of  course  it  is  warm— in  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun  often 
hot;  but  we  have  constant  breezes  either  from  the  Atlantic  or  the  Gulf,  which,  while  soft  ami 
balmy,  are  also  cool  and  refreshing.  Even  in  the  hottest  part  of  the  day,  if  you  step  into  the 
shade  of  an  orange  tree,  or  a passing  cloud  veils  the  sun,  you  find  it  at  once  deliciously  cool.  This 
is  a peculiar  and  most  grateful  feature  of  the  Florida  climate.  The  air  here  has  nothing  of  that 
oven-like  heat  which  we  often  experience  elsewhere,  and  which  is  so  oppressive  and  prostrating. 
But  it  is  difficult  to  give  a definite  idea  of  the  exceeding  beauty  of  this  climate.  To  know  what  it 
is  you  must  live  in  it.  The  only  unpleasant  weather  we  experience  here  is  when  the  wind  is  from 
the  Uorth,  and  you  are  having  a regular  blizzard  up  there.  Then  it  is  chilly  and  disagreeable, 
doors  and  windows  are  closed,  and  fires  are  needed  to  Vie  comfortable.  But  after  two  or  three 
days  the  wind  changes,  the  sun  breaks  out,  and  lovely  Florida  is  herself  again  : the  opening  flow- 
ers exhale  their  fragrance,  the  mocking-birds  pour  out  their  marvelous  songs,  and  all  nature 
laughs  for  joy.  Now,  iu  this  mouth  of  April,  the  weather  is  surpassingly  beautiful. 

IS  IT  HEALTHY? 

But  what  about  the  health  in  Florida?  you  ask.  Well,  there  are  localities  in  Florida,  doubt- 
less, which  are  unhealthy.  But  take  the  State  as  a whole,  reliable  statistics  show  that  its  death- 
rate  is  lower  than  any  other  State  in  the  Union,  and  that  Florida  is  really  one  of  the  healthiest 
portions  of  our  country.  Of  this  particular  region  I can  speak  from  personal  kn  ovledge.  situ- 
ated as  we  are,  five  miles  east  of  the  St.  Johus,  midway  of  an  extensive  pine  ridge,  soil  sandy, 
with  no  stagnant  water  in  the  vicinity,  we  have  all  the  conditions  of  health  that  Florida  affords, 
and  in  the  highest  degree.  It  is  high  and  dry,  and  you  may  travel  this  entire  plateau  and  not 
see  any  moss  on  the  trees.  There  is  sickness  here,  as  there  is  everywhere,  but  after  careful  ob- 
servation and  inquiry,  I am  convinced  that  a large  share  of  the  cases  of  sickness  here  is  owing 
to  impure  water.  One  of  the  drawbacks  of  Florida — and  it  has  several,  for  it  is  not  heaven — is 
the  lack  of  good  water.  But  pure  waiter  can  be  had.  And  when  the  people  here  one  to  use  only 
filtered  rain  water,  and  take  reasonable  care  of  themselves  in  other  respects,  I am  persuaded 
that  cases  of  serious  illness  will  he  few  and  far  between.  This  is  beginning  to  be  better  under- 
stood, and  people  are  building  large  cisterns  and  using  good  filterers.  We  have  dene  what  wo 
could  to  shed  light  on  this  subject. 

But  you  have  malaria  in  Florida,  you  say.  Yes ; along  the  rivers,  on  the  low  hammock  lands 
and  in  marshy  locations,  especially  in  the  latter  summer  months,  there  is  no  doubt  a good  deal 
of  malaria.  But  even  on  the  rivers,  during  the  winter  months,  there  is  little  to  be  feared  from  ma- 
laria, and  in  fine  uplands  like  this,  nothing  at  all.  Year  in  and  year  out  there  is  not  half  as 
much  malaria  on  this  orange  ridge  as  there  is  in  portions  of  Westchester  county,  say  along  the 
Bronx  river,  and  in  many  other  localities  in  our  Empire  State,  not  to  speak  of  Jersey  and  the 
West.  The  fact  is.  this  entire  high  pine  region  is  exceptionally  healthy.  Fevers  are  of  a mild 
type,  diphtheria  and  scarlet  fever  are  almost  unknown,  and  upon  invalids  suffering  from  disease 


For  further  information  apply  to  II.  A.  DeLand,  Fair  port,  X.  Y.,  or 
to  J.  Y. ' Farce,  or  C.  II  & S.  B.  Wright,  DeLand,  Fla . 


XXV 


of  the  respiratory  organs,  this  balmy  climate  acts  like  a charm.  Not  a few  come  here  in  tlio  last 
stage  of  consumption,  and,  of  course,  they  sink  down  and  die.  Florida  will  not  raise  the  dead. 
But  thousands  seriously  affected  with  catarrh,  asthma,  bronchitis,  and  other  kindred  diseases, 
come  here  and  get  well,  or  at  least  they  are  greatly  benefited,  and  their  lives  are  prolonged! 
"When  we  came  here  last  November,  my  wife  had  a distressing  cough,  her  breathing  from  asthma 
was  most  painful,  and  for  years  she  has  scarcely  ever  been  free  from  catarrhal  colds.  The  first 
three  weeks  she  seemed  worse  rather  than  better,  and  we  feared  that,  like  so  many,  we  had  come 
too  late;  but  the  fourth  week,  with  God’s  blessing,  the  genial  climate  began  to  exert  its  healing 
influence.  Soon  cough,  asthma,  and  catarrh  disappeared,  and  have  not  returned.  She  has  been 
able  to  live  largely  out  of  doors,  has  enjoyed  life  immensely,  and  is  now  comparatively  well. 
You  do  not  wonder  we  have  pitched  a tent  for  a winter  home  in  this  land  of  sunshine  and  flowers, 
for  this  climate  is  simply  healing  and  life  to  her.  And  hers  is  not  a solitary  case.  There  are 
scores  of  similar  ones  all  around  us.  I have  talked  with  many  who  told  me  they  were  slowly  but 
surely  dying  at  tha  North,  but  coming  here  got  well,  and  are  now  doing  their  own  work.  A well- 
known  Pli.D.,  of  Philadelphia,  a great  sufferer  from  asthma,  told  me,  a few  weeks  ago  when  he 
was  here,  that  during  the  ten  days  he  had  been  in  Florida  he  had  experienced  entire  relief  from 
asthma,  had  slept  like  a child,  and  gained  seven  pounds.  There  is  no  question  in  my  mind,  that, 
as  Florida  is  better  known,  it  will  come  to  be  more  a place  for  winter  homes  for  Northern  people; 
and  invalids,  instead  of  going  to  the  south  of  France  or  Italy,  and  thus  placing  the  ocean  between 
them  and  their  homes,  will  seek  healing  and  comfort  in  their  own  beautiful  Florida,  and  to  their 
immense  advantage.  Florida  will  yet  become  one  vast  sanitarium.  Its  climate  alone,  so  beauti- 
ful and  salubrious,  is  enough  to  make  Florida  a rich  and  prosperous  State;  but  it  has  immense 
resources  of  its  own  which  are  only  just  beginning  to  be  developed.  And  this  leads  me  to  speak 
vf  DeLand  in  particular. 

WHERE  AND  WHAT  DeLAND  IS. 

As  already  stated,  DeLand  occupies  the  middle  portion  of  a high  plateau  or  undulating  swell 
of  land,  twenty  miles  long  and  five  wide,  thickly  covered  with  yellow  pine  and  dotted  witli  beau- 
tiful lakes.  The  soil  is  a light  sand,  and  to  one  coming  from  the  rich  grain  lands  of  Central  New 
York  or  the  West,  it  looks  extremely  poor.  You  think  that  fifty  acre6  of  it  would  not  raise  enough 
to  feed  a blackbird,  and  very  likely  your  first  feeling  is  one  of  disappointment  and  perhaps  dis- 
gust. But  it  is  by  no  means  as  poor  as  it  looks,  as  witness  these  noble  Junes,  these  luxuriant 
orange  groves,  and  this  immense  growth  of  weeds  and  wild  grasses.  It  is  so  easily  worked  that 
all  the  plowing  is  done  with  one  horse  or  a mule,  and  if  you  stir  it  frequently  and  fertilize  it  even 
as  much  as  you  do  at  the  North,  it  will  raise  almost  anything.  Six  years  ago  there  was  only  one 
house  here,  with  a small  clearing  around  it.  and  here  and  there  a cabin  far  away  in  the  wilder- 
ness. Now  there  is  a thriving  town,  throbbing  with  life  and  energy — a live  Wester*  town  in  a 
Southern  clime.  Between  forty  and  fifty  buildings,  some  of  them  large  stores  and  first-class 
•dwellings,  have  been  erected  since  we  came  here,  and  the  sound  of  the  axe,  and  the  saw  and  ham- 
mer, heard  daily  from  morning  to  night,  tell  you  that  other  buildings  are  going  up  on  every  side. 
Now  can  I give  you  an  idea  of  the  place? 

Imagine  yourself  standing  with  me  at  the  junction  of  New  York  Avenue,  running  east  and 
west,  and  Woodland  Boulevard,  the  Fifth  Avenue  of  DeLand,  crossing  at  right  angles.  Look 
about  you.  You  see  fine  stores  for  all  kinds  of  merchandise — dry-goods,  groceries,  flour  and  feed, 
•drugs,  furniture,  millinery,  jewelry,  etc.,  a bakery,  a bank,  and,  I am  sorry  to  add,  two  or  three 
saloons.  Looking  north  down  the  Boulevard  you  see  a row  of  trees  planted  through  the  middle 
■of  it,  and  extending  a full  mile.  They  are  water  oaks,  wild  oranges,  and  magnolias,  alternately. 
Bee  what  wide-spreading  tops  they  are  already  throwing  out,  for  vegetation  grows  with  amazing 
vapidity  here.  Imagine  what  a beautiful  sight  they  will  jiresent  and  what  a grateful  shade  they 
will  afford  three  years  from  now.  Strolling  down  the  Boulevard,  we  jmss  the  office  of  the  Florida 
Agriculturist.  Colonel  Codrington,  the  able  editor,  has  more  than  fifty  varieties  of  the  citrus  fam- 
ily in  his  orange  orchard,  besides  a great  variety  of  tropical  and  semi-tropical  plants,  fruits  and 
flowers.  The  Agriculturist  is  richly  freighted  with  valuable  information,  and  is  a recognized  au- 
thority on  all  Fiorida  matters. 

“What  is  that  beautiful  edifice  on  yonder  rising  ground  on  the  east  side  of  the  Boulevard, 
with  stained-glass  windows  and  slender  spire?  ” you  ask.  That  is  the  Baptist  Church,  the  jnide 
■of  DeLand.  It  is  finished,  furnished,  and  paid  for,  and  is  a real  gem  in  its  way.  To-morrow  is 
the  first  anniversary  of  its  dedication,  and,  with  the  Master’s  jmesence  and  blessing,  we  expect 
to  have  a glorious  time.  The  membership,  though  not  large,  is  of  excellent  material,  the  Sunday 
•congregations  are  good,  the  prayer  meetings  well  attended  and  interesting,  and  the  Sunday-school 
large  and  flourishing.  TJiat  square  cottage  over  yonder  is  the  residence  of  our  rosy-faced,  good- 
natured,  excellent  pastor,  Bev.  A.  L.  Farr.  Step  over,  and  he  and  liis  amiable  wife.  Strong  as  maid, 
and  stronger  Farr  as  wife,  will  give  you  a cordial  welcome.  Thatcottage  nesting  in  the  pines,  this 
-side  the  pastor’s,  is  the  winter  home  of  Bev.  A.  B.  Knight,  of  Kentucky,  a grand  man,  but  in 
broken  health.  His  excellent  wife  is  the  daughter  of  Bev.  Dr.  Byland,  of  Bichmond.  This  neat 
•cottage  on  the  Boulevard,  just  beyond  tho  church,  is  brother  Stockton’s.  He  was  a member  of 
Dr.  Parmly’s  Church,  Jersey  City.  He  is  a wide-awake  Christian  worker,  and  conducts  a flourish- 
ing mission  Sunday-school  at  Winnimissett,  some  three  miles  east  of  the  town.  That  residence 
next  to  him  belongs  to  his  business  partner,  brother  McLaurine,  a genial,  warm-hearted  Virgin- 
ian, whose  cheery  greeting  always  gladdens  your  heart.  The  next  tasteful  cottage  with  bow-win- 
dow in  front,  is  occupied  by  Mrs.  Steadman  and  her  accomplished  daughter,  of  Oswego.  The 
next,  a very  pretty  oue,  just  finished,  and  unoccupied  as  yet,  belongs  to  young  brother  Frayser. 
The  cozy  cage  awaits  the  coming  bird.  That  larger  house  farther  on  belongs  to  Judge  Henry,  of 
Cincinnati,  and  the  cottage  still  beyond  is  the  winter  hide-away  of  your  humble  servant.  These 
are  all  Baptist  families  except  one;  but  I mention  them  thus  in  detail  not  because  they  are  Bapt- 
ists, but  to  enable  you  to  realize  what  kind  of  jreople  make  up  the  community  of  DeLand.  They 
are  largely  from  the  North  and  West,  a considerable  number  from  Kentucky,  and  a sprinkling 


For  further  information  apply  to  H.  A.  DeLand,  Fairport,  JSf.  or 
■to  J.  Y.  Parce,  or  C.  H.  & S.  B.  Wright,  DeLand,  Fla. 


xx  vi 


from  the  other  Southern  and  Eastern  States.  A more  intelligent,  enterprising,  and  in  every  way- 
excellent  people  you  do  not  find  anywhere  in  city  or  country.  They  appreciate  schools  and. 
churches,  are  a Sabbath-keeping,  church-going  people,  good,  kind  neighbors,  just  such  people; 
as  you  would  like  to  live  among.  Nearly  all  the  religious  denominations  are  represented  here. 
A few  weeks  ago  the  Methodists  dedicated  a very  neat  and  commodious  church,  and  a finer-looking- 
audience  than  that  which  crowded  the  house  on  that  occasion  you  seldom  see.  Int<-Jlig<mt- 
strangers  present  remarked  it.  The  pastor  stated  that  some  $150  were  needed  to  enable  them  to- 
dedicate  the  church  free  from  debt.  In  a few  minutes  more  than  $600  were  subscribed,  the  Bajjt- 
ists  present — and  they  were  all  there — contributing  as  liberally  as  the  Methodists  themselves. 
This  again  shows  the  kind  of  people  we  have  here.  The  Presbyterians  and  Episcopalians  worship- 
at  present  in  the  school-house,  but  will  soon  build.  The  Disciples  and  Catholics  have  also  church 
organizations.  Besides,  there  are  two  colored  churches,  Baptist  and  Methodist.  Tln-re  are  good 
public  and  select  schools  here  now,  and  institutions  for  higher  education  will  be  planted  in  the 
near  future. 

FLORIDA'S  MAIN  BUSINESS. 

Your  readers  are  aware  that  the  raising  of  oranges  is  the  main  business  here.  Lemons, 
limes,  pineapples,  bananas,  sugar-cane,  and  other  semi-tropical  fruits,  are  successfully  cultiva- 
ted. But  the  great,  industry  is  orange  culture.  Everybody  has  an  orange  grove,  if  only  au  acre, 
but  the  majority  of  groves  about  here  range  from  two  to  five  and  ten  acres,  five  being  the  most 
common.  Of  course  there  are  larger  groves — twenty,  thirty  and  forty  acres.  O.  N.  Hull,  Esq.,  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  Iowa,  has  sixty  acres  in  one  grove,  and  in  all  15U  acres,  containing  more  than  12.000  trees. 
While  here  this  winter  he  bought  three  acres  in  town,  cleared  and  planted  it.  and  will  build  next- 
winter.  Mayor  Hull  evidently  believes  in  Florida  and  in  the  orange  business,  and  he  is  one  of 
the  shrewdest  of  men.  Most  of  the  groves  in  and  around  DeLand  are  young;  only  a few  are  in 
full  bearing.  Dr.  Gillen's  grove  of  1.500  trees,  in  the  suburbs  of  the  village,  was  laden  with  its 
golden  fruit  when  we  came  here.  And  never  had  my  imagination  conceived  anything  half  so- 
rich,  beautiful,  and  glorious  as  that  grove  with  its  wealth  of  rich,  ripe  oranges.  About  Christ- 
mas I visited  the  famous  Norris  Grove,  at  Spring  Garden,  seven  miles  from  here.  It  is  mainly 
on  low  hammock  land,  and  the  trees  are  budded  into  sour  oranges,  growing  wild  in  the  hammock 
—the  other  timber  of  course  being  cleared  away.  This  is  one  of  the  largest  groves  in  this  vicini- 
ty. What  a sight!  Oranges,  oranges  everywhere!  A wilderness  of  wealth  and  beauty.  Major 
Norris  told  us  that  he  had  already  shipped  500,000  oranges,  and  that  he  has  half  a million  more- 
to  pick  and  ship.  He  conducted  us  from  tree  to  tree,  urging  us  to  eat  of  this  kind  and  eat  of  that, 
and  still  another  and  another. 

At  last  lie  led  us  to  a tree  in  the  orange  grove,  which  in  its  shape  and  color  was  perfectly 
beautiful.  Not  satisfied  with  feasting  us  from  the  trees,  the  genial  proprietor  Insisted  on  putting 
a largo  bagful  into  our  carriage  to  take  home.  As  we  drove  hack  through  the  grove,  and  all  its 
glory  came  into  view  again,  I felt  indeed  that  it  was  worth  a journey  across  the  continent  to  be- 
hold that  sight.  No  description  can  give  any  adequate  idea  of  the  exceeding  richness  and  beau- 
ty of  an  orange  grove  in  full  bearing.  Imagine  yourself  surrounded  by  trees  thirty  feet  high,, 
with  thick,  glossy  green  foliage,  bearing  from  2,000  to  5,000  oranges  each,  laden  from  tip  top  to 
the  ground,  and  often  hanging  in  clusters  of  five,  ten,  fifteen,  and  sometimes  even  more— apples- 
of  gold  in  pictures  of  emerald.  Do  you  wonder  that  any  one  beholding  such  a sight  gets  the 
orange  fever?  I can  assure  you  that  they  all  do. 

This  orange  business  is  what  brings  so  many  here.  During  the  past  five  months  there  has 
been  one  continual  stream  of  people  coming  and  going,  sometimes  fifty  in  a single  day.  and 
every  hotel  and  boarding  house  has  been  full  to  overflowing.  A great  many  of  these  have  made 
investments  and  arranged  to  have  groves  planted.  You  may  get  some  idea  of  the  movement  of 
things  here  when  I tell  you  that  this  winter  Mr.  DeLand  alono  has  sold  orange  property  t--  be- 
tween fifty  and  sixty  different  parties,  and  that  his  purchases  and  sales  have  amounted  to  about 
$100,000.  What  other  real  estate  men  have  sold  I have  no  means  of  knowing.  As  a result  of  these 
large  investments,  this  entire  orange  belt,  from  Spring  Garden  on  the  north,  as  far  as  beyond  Orange 
City  on  the  south,  is  being  transformed  with  amazing  rapidity  from  an  extensive  pine  forest  into 
an  immense  orange  grove.  In  riding  over  the  length  and  breadth  of  this  plateau,  you  can. 
scarcely  get  out  of  sight  of  an  orange  grove,  or  a clearing  prepared  for  one.  Here  is  a cabin, 
there  a cottage,  and  yonder  a mansion.  And  for  all  this  immediate  surrounding  region.  DeLand 
is  the  business  center  and  source  of  supplies.  Real  estate  is  steadily  on  the  rise.  It  has  <1-  ubled 
in  the  past  two  years,  and  everything  betokens  a further  advance. 

The  Palatka  and  Indian  River  Railroad  is  to  pass  through  this  place.  The  route  is  surveyed, 
the  right  of  way  mostly  secured,  engineers  are  finally  locating  the  line,  gangs  of  hands  are  at 
work  grading,  and  it  is  expected  that  the  road  will  he  completed  to  this  place  in  time  for  next 
winter's  traffic.  When  I see  what  has  been  done  here  in  DeLand — a whole  town  built,  and  the 
country  for  five  miles  around  dotted  with  homes  of  thrifty  settlers,  and  remember  that  all  this 
has  been  accomplished  in  six  years — the  greater  part  of  it  indeed  in  three  years — I am  astonished 
at  the  mighty  forces  which  have  been  and  still  are  at  work.  This  wonderful  growth  has  been 
owing  in  no  small  degree  to  the  enterprise  and  energy  of  H.  A.  DeLand,  Esq.,  of  Fairport.  N.  Y., 
after  whom  the  town  is  named.  In  all  his  operations  here  he  has  pursued  a truly  liberal  and  en- 
lightened policy.  In  no  case  has  he  gone  for  the  last  dollar  he  could  get  for  property,  hut  has 
frequently  bought  land  and  turned  it  over  to  actual  settlers  at  a small  advance,  sometimes  at 
just  what  it  cost  him,  thus  enabling  purchasers  to  do  well  lor  themselves,  and  at  the  same  time 
to  be  a help  to  the  place.  He  has  been  the  wise  counselor,  the  trusted  friend,  and  the  willing 
helper  of  hundreds  of  people  from  ail  parts  of  the  country,  and  has  ever  shown  a generous  liber- 
ality toward  every  enterprise  which  tended  to  the  material  or  spiritual  prosperity  of  the  com- 
munity. 

It  is  now  a demonstrated  fact  that  this  entire  plateau  is  specially  adapted  to  the  raising  of 
the  finest  oranges.  You,  yourself,  Mr.  Editor,  have  had  a taste  of  them,  and  testified  pubUcly 


For  further  information  apply  to  II  A.  DeLand , Fairport,  N.  T.,  or 
to  J.  Y.  Faroe,  or  C.  H.  & S.  B.  Wright,  DeLand,  Fla. 


xxvi' 


through  the  Examiner  as  to  their  quality.  As  tor  this  plateau,  DeLand,  as  I have  Baid,  is  the  bus- 
iness center,  and  has  all  the  advantages  named;  it  is  my  deliberate  conviction  that  its  prosper- 
ous future  is  secured. — New  York  Examiner. 


DeLAND  IN  ITS  MATERIAL  AND  SOCIAL 

ASPECTS. 


BY  KEV.  J.  H.  GRIFFITH,  D.  D. 


The  child  is  said  to  be  father  to  the  man.  This  is  as  true  of  places  as  of  persons.  The  cir- 
cumstances of  its  settlement  and  the  character  of  its  first  settlers  impart  their  peculiarities  to 
a community,  and  determine  its  individuality.  DeLand  is  no  exception  to  this  general  rule.  Its. 
origin  was  a prelude  and  prophecy  of  its  subsequent  history.  This  town  did  not  originate  in  a 
huge  real  estate  speculation,  having  as  a basis  an  extensive  tract  of  unimproved  lands,  coupled 
with  expectations.  Its  early  founders  were  not  quixotic  adventurers  who  played  a mere  game  of 
chance  in  founding  it.  From  the  records  of  the  lirst  gathering  of  a few  pioneers  at  which  it  was- 
decided  to  found  a town,  the  unique  and  remarkable  statement  is  taken  that  they  desired  to- 
found  a town  “ on  Christian  principles.”  To  this,  as  a germ  and  fountain  head,  may  be  traced 
many  of  the  special  features  of  its  material  and  social  aspects. 

ITS  MATERIAL  ASPECTS. 

In  the  first  place,  there  has  been  and  still  is,  the  absence  of  the  purely  speculative  element 
to  a remarkable  degree.  This  is  the  more  significant  when  the  rapid  development  of  the  place  is- 
taken  into  account.  There  has  been  great  growth  in  values.  Property  is  continually  changing 
owners.  Men  buy  and  sell  to  realize  on  the  advancing  prices.  And  yet  there  has  not  been  in  alL 
this  real  estate  activity  the  purely  speculative  element.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  advanc- 
ing prices  of  real  estate  have  been  the  result  of  a corresponding  advance  in  value.  The  rise  has 
been  an  effect,  not  a cause.  It  has  not  originated  in  inflation.  The  place  has  not  been  forced 
into  a financial  fever  to  render  reaction  and  prostration  inevitable.  Its  growth  thus  far  has  been, 
normal  and  healthful.  This  feature  of  its  growth  imparts  solidity  and  strength  to  its  develop- 
ment, and  promises  these  features  in  the  years  to  come.  It  bespeaks  honesty  and  integrity  for 
those  who  have  led  in  building  up  the  place. 

Its  democratic  character  is  another  feature  in  its  material  aspects.  Its  advantages  have- 
never  been  monopolized  by  a few.  The  many  have  shared  the  benefits  accruing  from  its  develop- 
ment. Proof  of  this  is  found  in  the  fact  that  to-day  over  500  individuals  own  real  estate  In  tho- 
town  and  its  immediate  vicinity.  These  represent  thirty-two  states,  two  territories,  England  and 
the  West  Indies.  In  this  aggregate  is  found  that  variety  and  diversity  which  are  essential  to  the 
best  development  of  any  community.  The  rich  and  the  poor  must  meet  together.  Capital  and 
labor  are  the  complement  of  each  other ; each  is  needful  to  the  other. 

Another  important  item  in  the  material  aspects  of  the  place  is  that  a large  proportion  of  its. 
people  are  permanent  residents.  DeLand  is  not  a mere  winter  home,  where  people  stay  for  a few 
months  to  escape  the  rigors  of  a Northern  climate.  The  great  majority  live  here.  This  is  their 
home.  The  North  is  their  visiting  place.  The  stores,  shops,  offices  and  other  places  of  business- 
are  open  the  year  through,  and  this  will  continue  to  bo  the  case.  The  more  fully  people  come  to 
know  the  salubrity  of  the  climate,  the  healthfulness  of  the  place,  and  the  cool,  delightful  breezes 
that  come  here  from  the  ocean  even  in  mid-summer,  the  more  will  this  become  a community  of 
permanent  residents.  The  relation  of  this  feature  to  the  material  prosperity  of  the  place  is  ap- 
parent to  all.  The  growth  of  its  interest,  like  that  of  its  orange  groves,  must  he  perennial.  Its 
undeveloped  material  resources  form  an  important  item  in  this  direction.  Any  one  who  has- 
studied  the  natural  and  present  condition  of  Florida  with  any  care,  can  but  feel  that  the  State  is 
just  entering  upon  its  career  of  growth.  It  is  in  its  infancy  yet;  its  enterprises  and  industries 
are  in  their  incipient  stages.  Orange  culture  has  not  yet  reached  maturity,  either  as  to  methods 
or  results.  Other  possibilities  are  still  latent.  In  all  these  considerations,  DeLand  and  its  con- 
tiguous territory  are  entitled  to  their  full  share,  and  from  them  will  derive  a proportionate- 
benefit. 

ITS  SOCIAL,  ASPECTS. 

The  social,  not  less  than  the  material  aspects  of  this  place  have  been  shaped  and  hewed  by 
the  circumstances  of  its  origin  and  early  history.  It  is  a community  of  high  average  social  cul- 
ture. Intelligence  and  refinement  prevail  to  a greater  extent  than  is  usual  in  new  settlements. 
This  is  seen  in  the  very  appearance  of  the  town.  Its  broad  and  regularly  laid  out  streets,  its- 
neatly  painted  dwellings,  its  yards  tastefully  decorated  with  shrubs  and  flowers  impress  the  visi- 
tor as  he  first  beholds  it.  If  he  enters  the  homes  of  its  people  this  impression  will  be  greatly 
deepened.  A cultured  hospitality  and  a cordial  refinement  will  meet  him  on  every  hand,  and  for 
the  time  he  will  forget  that  he  is  in  a young  settlement  where  five  years  ago  was  almost  an  unbrok- 
en forest.  The  atmosphere  of  the  community  is  as  democratic  socially  as  it  is  materially. 

Intellectually  regarded,  DeDand  is  not  less  marked.  No  sooner  had  Its  pioneers  decided  to- 
found  a town  than  they  decided  to  build  a school  house  and  provide  facilities  for  the  education  of 
the  young.  A commodious  and  well  finished  school  building  was  immediately  erected  through 
private  contributions.  The  place  has  outgrown  the  capacity  of  this  edifice,  and  the  present  sea- 


For  further  information  apply  to  H.  A.  DeLand,  Fairport,  N.  Y.,  or 
to  J.  Y.  Parce,  or  C.  H.  & S.  B.  Wright,  DeLand,  Fla. 


xxviii 


son  a still  larger  building  Is  to  be  erected,  and  a graded  school  is  to  be  organized.  The  children 
are  Infected  with  the  same  educational  zeal.  Many  most  interesting  instances  could  be  cited 
where  children  under  twelve  years  of  age  come  two  miles  to  school,  frequently  walking  the  dis- 
tance. During  the  present  year  an  Academy  has  been  opened  and  a large  and  commodious  build- 
ing will  be  ready  for  occupancy  in  the  fall.  This  school  has  already  over  forty  pupils  in  attend- 
ance. DeLand  will  undoubtedly  become  an  educational  center,  for  the  development  of  the  8tat<- 
will  demand  additional  educational  facilities.  The  mildness  and  healthfulness  of  its  climate 
will  attract  many  who  do  not  wish  to  endure  the  severity  and  face  the  hazards  of  Northern  win- 
ters. The  equable  temperature,  the  refreshing  breezes  from  the  ocean  and  the  cool,  delightful 
nights,  unite  to  render  this  climate  and  locality  favorable  to  educational  pursuits. 

This  hasty.  Imperfect  glance  at  the  social  aspects  of  the  town  would  be  glaringly  defective  if 
mention  was  not  made  of  its  religious  element.  The  church  started  side  by  side  with  the  school, 
and  It  may  not  unaptly  be  styled  a place  of  churches.  There  are  already  nine  different  religious 
societies,  and  five  of  these  have  houses  of  worship.  The  first  to  erect  a church  were  the  Baptists, 
who  have  a very  tasty  and  commodious  building  costing  nearly  $1,000.  The  Methodist  Episcopal 
society  have  a very  neat  and  comfortable  house.  The  Protestant  Episcopal  church  is  building  a 
place  for  worship,  with  the  architectural  taste  for  which  as  a denomination  It  is  so  well  known. 
The  Presbyterians  have  purchased  the  property  used  for  a school  house,  and  are  to  fit  it  up  for  a 
church,  while  the  Roman  Catholics  have  just  broken  ground  for  a house  of  worship.  Thus  the 
town,  in  its  material,  mental  and  moral  aspects,  invites  and  welcomes  the  stranger  into  Its  midst, 
and  promises  prosperity  for  the  future. 

It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  the  growth  of  the  place  has  only  begun.  The  more  fully  its 
features  and  possibilities  are  known  the  more  will  Intending  settlers  avail  themselves  of  these 
advantages.  In  the  desire  to  further  this  end,  this  fragmentary  sketch  has  been  penned. 


DeLAND  ACADEMY. 

J.  H.  GRIFFITH,  PRINCIPAL. 


Having  completed  the  first  year’s  work  in  education  with  this  school,  it  will  not  be  out  of  place 
to  state  a few  facts  that  the  year  has  brought  to  light.  The  attempt  to  found  a school  here  <• f an 
academic  grade  was  an  experiment.  Many  questions  vital  to  the  success  of  such  an  institution 
were  untried.  No  such  school  had  been  opened  so  far  South.  Tho  problem  has  not  been  solved, 
but  the  solution  has  already  proceeded  far  enough  to  insure  ultimate  success.  The  number  of 
pupils  has  far  exceeded  our  expectations.  During  the  year  there  have  been  fifty-six  different 
pupils  in  attendance.  Some  of  these  have  come  only  part  of  a term,  others  an  entire  term,  and 
still  others  have  attended  the  entire  year. 

The  healthfulness  of  the  students  has  been  remarkable.  Of  the  entire  number,  but  one,  to 
ray  knowledge  was  compelled  to  leave  on  account  of  sickness.  When  it  is  remembered  that  many 
of  these  pupils  had  been  in  delicate  health  at  the  North  this  fact  is  the  more  remarkable.  The 
most  robust  scholars  were  those  of  DeLand  and  the  immediate  vicinity.  There  is  sufficient 
proof  of  the  healthfulness  of  the  place.  It  has  also  proven  to  be  a location  favorable  to  mental 
application'.  So  much  had  been  said  and  accepted  respecting  the  enervating  influences  of  South- 
ern climate  that  I felt  it  might  be  needful  to  expect  less  progress  in  study  lure  than  in  the  North. 
I am  fully  convinced  the  very  opposite  is  the  case.  A pupil  can  do  more  work  here  in  the  satno 
time  than  in  the  North.  The  pure  air,  the  bright  sunny  sky,  the  mihl  and  even  temperature,  and 
the  absence  of  much  that  diverts  the  student's  attention  in  other  places,  all  combine  to  render 
this  a favorable  situation  for  intellectual  application.  While  the  academic  year  here  will  be 
several  weeks  shorter  than  in  many  Northern  institutions,  pupils  will  have  no  difficulty  in  doing 
the  same  amount  of  work. 

So  much  for  the  past.  A word  as  to  the  future. 

The  next  year  will  open  about  the  middle  of  October  next,  when  we  expect  to  have  a new  and 
commodious  building  ready  for  occupancy.  Mr.  DeLand,  under  whose  auspices  the  school  has 
been  opened  proposes  at  an  early  day  to  have  the  institution  incorporated  and  a board  of  trustees 
chosen  to  whose  fostering  care  the  school  will  be  committed.  It  is  to  be  a public  institution,  for 
the  benefit  of  the  public,  devoted  to  the  interest  of  the  great  cause  of  Christian  education.  It  is 
not  now,  nor  is  it  designed  to  be  a money  making  enterprise.  The  income  the  past  year  above 
expenses  would  not  have  supported  one  person.  If  our  citizens  and  those  interested  in  the  wel- 
fare of  our  community  give  to  it  tho  support  and  sympathy. which  such  an  institution  deserves 
and  must  have,  DeLand  will  become  a great  educational  centre  for  this  State,  and  a place  where 
hundreds  of  young  men  and  women  will  come  to  oscape  the  rigor  of  N rtheru  winters. 


For  further  information  apply  to  H. 
to  J.  Y Farce,  or  C H.  & S.  B.  Wright, 


A.  DeLand,  Fairport , N. 
DeLand,  Fla. 


Y.,  or 


xxix 

HYGEIA  HOTEL,  OLD  POINT  COMFORT,  VIRGINIA. 


OCALA  HOUSE,  OCALA,  MARION  COUNTY,  FLORIDA. 


It  not,  you  have  failed  to  learn  from  personal  experience  that  here  is  located  one  of  the 
grandest  of  American  tourist  hotels.  The  vast  and  popular  Hygeia  Hotel,  located  within  100 
yards  of  Fort  Monroe,  has  comfortable  accommodations  for  1,000  people,  is  open  throughout  the 
year,  and  is  a most  delightful  stopping  place  en  route  to  or  from  Florida  in  the  spring.  Comfort- 
able Beds,  excellent  Cuisine,  Turkish,  Kussian,  Roman,  Electric,  Hot  and  Cold  Sea-water  Baths 
Its  notable  characteristics.  Superb  music  by  the  U.  S.  Artillery  School  Band,  picturesque  details 
■of  Military  and  Naval  life,  thrilling  historic  surroundings,  and  a dry  and  agreeable  climate. 

For  terms,  descriptive  circulars,  etc.,  address  by  mail  or  telegraph 


H.  PHCEBUS,  PROPRIETOR. 


HAVE  YOU  EVER  VISITED  OLD  POINT  COMFORT? 


Xj.  IMI.  THAYER,  PROPRIETOR. 

Open  from  November  to  June. 

The  Ocala  House,  which  fronts  the  public  square,  is  a handsome  new  brick  edifice  having  200 
rooms.  Its  halls,  drawing  and  dining  rooms  and  sleeping  apartments  are  spacious,  conveniently- 
arranged  and  tastefully  furnished.  The  table  and  service  are  first-class.  Ocala  is  a beautiful 
town  in  the  heart  of  a rich,  a progressive,  a picturesque  and  a healthful  country.  The  most  val- 
uable orange  groves  in  the  State  are  in  its  near  vicinity.  Silver  Spring,  one  of  the  most  wonder- 
ful features  of  Florida,  is  but  five  miles  distant  and  is  reached  by  carriage  and  railroad.  , 


XXX 


<x3  TIE  MOST  DESIRABLE  OF  ALL  FLORIDA  COUNTIES.  O 


TT  H E 

Columbia  County  Immigration  Association. 

C.  A.  FINLEY,  Secretary,  LAKE  CITY,  FLA. 


GEOGRAPHICAL  POSITION  OF  COLUMBIA  COUNTY. 

According  to  the  established  Government  Survey,  Columbia  county  occupies  the  geographical 
centre  of  the  State,  is  the  centre  of  trade  of  the  Eastern  counties,  possesses  an  enviable  climate, 
a freeness  from  damp  fogs  that  delights  the  invalid  and  pleasure  seeker,  and  a hospitable  and 
■warm  hearted  population  that  will  make  the  visitor  welcome. 


CLIMATE. 

Columbia  has  been  dubbed  the  “ Italy  of  Florida,”  and  richly  she  deserves  the  cognomen. 
Her  atmosphere  is  even  and  dry,  giving  to  the  health  seeker  that  invigoration  sought  for.  The 
climate  is  simply  delightful : salubrious.  Invigorating  and  healthful.  The  breezes  from  the  south 
and  southwest  come  freshly  laden  with  the  salts  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  while  from  the  northeast, 
east  and  southeast  the  invigorating  breath  of  the  broad  Atlantic  fans  the  cheek. 


SOIL. 

Columbia  county,  boast  of  every  description  of  soil  and  from  her  large  area  can  be  picked 
lands  suitable  to  every  agricultural,  horticultural  and  pomological  enterprise  known.  Hammock 
lands  abound  in  profusion.  The  pine  lands  are  of  the  best  and  most  durable  quality. 


xxxi 


PRODUCTS. 

The  agriculturists  reap  bountiful  harvests  of  Corn,  Cotton,  Rice,  Potatoes,  Hay,  Oats,  Rye,  and 
every  variety  of  field  crop.  The  horticulturist  luxuriates  in  his  heavy  and  productive  shipments 
of  Cabbage,  Cauliflower,  Peas,  Beans,  Okra,  Egg  Plant,  Irish  Potatoes — in  fact  every  description 
of  vegetable  that  adorns  the  table.  The  fruit-grower  can  show  the  record  of  handsome  orange 
shipments,  (Columbia  county  Oranges  take  the  lead  in  the  Atlantic  markets  over  all  other  Florida 
Oranges  for  quality  and  size).  Columbia  county  is  the  home  of  the  luscious  peach,  the  pome- 
granate, the  succulent  fig  and  the  wine-producing  grape.  Many  large  and  productive  vineyards 
are  scattered  over  the  county. 


TRANSPORTATION. 

The  county  is  cut  in  half  from  east  to  west  by  the  line  of  the  Florida  Railway  and  Navigation 
Company,  Lake  City,  the  shire  town,  being  situated  on  that  line  of  road,  59  miles  from  Jackson- 
ville. Tickets  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States  can  be  secured  over  this  Line,  the  Management 
of  which  permit  its  Conductors  to  give  “stop-over"  privileges  to  such  as  desire  to  stop  and  visit 
Lake  City.  The  Florida  Southern,  running  to  Tampa,  will  soon  be  completed  to  Lake  City.  The 
Macon  Air  Line  Railway  is  proposed  and  a preliminary  survey  has  been  made,  to  run  through 
Lake  City,  through  the  Peninsula. 


EDUCATION. 

The  Florida  State  Agricultural  College  and  University  is  located  at  Lake  City.  This  College 
will  be  made  one  of  the  finest  educational  institutions  in  the  Union.  It  is  presided  over  by  one 
of  the  best  faculties  in  the  country  and  the  following  branches  are  taught:  Classics,  Literature, 
Science,  Philosophy,  Agriculture,  Engineering  and  Military  Tactics.  Thorough  training  is  also 
offered  by  this  fine  institution  of  learning,  in  sub-collegiate  classes.  The  Peabody  Public  School 
is  another  institution  of  learning,  located  at  Lake  City.  This  school  has  been  brought  up  to  a 
high  standard.  Many  private  schools  are  presided  over  by  energetic  and  competent  teachers. 
There  are  FIFTY-FOUR  public  schools  in  operation  in  the  county  besides  the  private  schools  and 
the  College,  thus  offering  to  the  settler  unsurpassed  advantages. 

RELIGIOUS  ADVANTAGES. 


Every  neighborhood  in  the  county  has  its  places  of  worship,  claimed  by  the  various  denomi- 
nations. Lake  city  has  seven  churches,  classed  among  the  following  branches  of  Christians  : 
Methodists,  Baptists,  Episcopal,  Catholic,  Presbyterian. 

“GEM  OF  THE  LAKES.” 

This  name  has  been  appropriately  given  to  Lake  City,  the  shire  town  of  Columbia  county. 
Lake  City  has  a population  of  2,000  souls,  and  is  cozily  nestled  among  seven  beautiful  lakes,  whose 
.shores  are  crowned  with  the  majestic  oak,  stately  magnolia  and  the  waving  beech,  from  the 
branches  of  which  hang  pendant  festoons  of  the  lovely  Spanish  grey  moss,  framing  a picture 
beautiful  to  behold,  “ once  seen  always  to  be  remembered.”  The  beautiful  shade  trees  of  the 
■ city  excite  admiration  in  even  the  most  unromantic  of  her  visitors.  One  can  rest  in  Lake  City, 
feeling  that  indeed  they  have  struck  an  Eden  of  pleasurable  rest  and  health.  Lake  City  has 
thirty-eight  business  houses. 


COLUMBIA  COUNTY  SHIPMENTS. 


From  carefully  compiled  statements  from  the  books  of  the  Florida  Railway  and  Navigation 
Company  and  the  Southern  Express  Company,  Columbia  county  ships  in  produce  raised 
from  her  soil  an  average  of  $750,000  in  value  each  year.  This  will  give  the  immigrant  and 
home  seeker  an  idea  of  this  fine  productive  county,  the  fertility  of  her  soil,  the  activity  of 
her  citizens  and  the  remuneration  in  investing  in  her  property.  The  orange  shipment  from  our 
county  is  beginning  to  excite  comment  from  more  southerly  counties. 

jj.  B. A copy  of  the  “Columbia  County  Pamphlet,”  issued  by  the  Columbia  County  Immigra- 

tion Association  can  be  had  by  applying  (with  stamp)  to  C.  A.  Finley,  Secretary  Immigration  Asso- 
ciation, Columbia  County,  Lake  City,  Florida.  This  is  a sterling  work  and  is  the  most  faithful 
and  truthful  work  of  the  kind  ever  issued. 


xxxii 


<1  BELLEVIEWN 


MARION  COUNTY,  FLORIDA 


BEAUTIFUL,  * HEALTHY  * HOMES, 

WITH 

THE  & RICHEST  -$  LAND. 


Health  and  rich  lands  do  not  often  go  together  in  Florida.  There 
are  many  lovely  towns  in  the  State,  that  are  healthy ; but  where  this 
advantage  is  enjoyed  the  lands  are  almost  invariably  poor. 

The  projectors  of  this  enterprise  have  undertaken  to  establish  a 
town  that  shall  be  perfectly  healthy,  and  at  the  same  time  provide  the 
settler  with  the  richest  land  in  the  State  for  Farming  and  for  Orange 


Growing. 

Belleviewr  combines  both  these  advantages  in  a higher  degree  than 


any  other  place  in  Florida. 


xxxiii 


THE  TOWN  SITE  OF  BELLEVIEW 


is  one  of  the  most  delightful  and  healthy  in  the  State.  It  is  beautiful 
rolling  pine  land,  with  pure  Freestone  Water,  while  within  one  mile 
of  the  depot,  and  immediately  adjoining  the  town,  lies  the  famous 
“ Long  Hammock,”  one  of  the  largest,  and  the  very  richest  Hammocks 
in  the  State. 

The  settler  can  reside  in  this  healthy,  enterprising  town  and  en- 
joy all  its  social  and  educational  advantages,  and  within  easy  access 
have  his  rich,  productive  little  farm  and  orange  grove. 

This  place  is  now  filling  up  rapidly  with  the  most  intelligent, 
Christian  people,  mostly  from  New  England.  The  best  of  schools  will 
soon  be  in  operation,  and  all  the  advantages  and  facilities  of  church 
and  education,  that  characterize  a live  New  England  town  will  soon 
be  found  here. 

All  the  deeds  given  by  this  Company  exclude  the  sale  of  intoxi- 
cating liquors  and  gambling,  forever  from  these  grounds. 

Send  for  a circular  and  further  information. 

C.  L.  EOBINSON,  JOHN  F.  DUNN, 

President,  Jacksonville,  Fla.  Vice-President,  Ocala, JFla. 

SAMUEL  AGNEW,  E.  W.  AGNEW, 

Treasurer,  Ocala,  Fla.  Secretary,  Ocala,  Fla. 

J.  H.  FOSS, 

Gen.  Manager,  Belleview,  Fla. 


XX  XIV 


] ) eBA ry-baya 


MERCHANTS’  LINE. 


I 

w 


& 


CARRYING  THE  U.  S.  MAIL, 

Double  Daily  through  from  Jacksonville  to  Sanford  and  Enterprise. 


REGULAR  MAIL  DOUBLE  DAILY 

For  Green  Cove  Springs,  Tocoi,  Palatka,  AVelaka,  Georgetown,  Volusia,  DeLand,  Orange  City, 
Sanford  and  Enterprise  and  intermediate  landings  south  of  Palatka. 

Connects  at  Palatka  with  Florida  Southern  Railroad  for  Gainesville  and  Ocala,  and  with 
Steamers  for  all  points  on  the  Ocklawaha  river. 

Connects  at  Astor  with  St.  John  s and  Lake  Eustis  Railroad  for  Lakes  Eustis  and  Harris,  and 
all  points  on.  the  upper  Ocklawaha. 

Connects  at  Sanford  with  South  Florida  Railroad  for  Longwood,  Maitland,  Orlando  and  Apopka 
City,  and  with  Steamers  for  Rock  Ledge.  Salt  Lake,  Indian  River  and  other  points. 

Connects  at  Enterprise  with  Stage  Lines  for  Halifax,  Smyrna  and  Indian  River. 

RETURNING, 

Leaves  Enterprise  daily  at  7 A.  M.,  Sanford  on  arrival  of  train  from  Orlando,  ntakingclose  connec- 
tions with  the  St.  John’s  and  Lake  Eustis  Railroad  at  Astor,  and  at  Palatka  with  Florida  Southern 
Railroad  for  Gainesville,  Ocala,  etc.,  and  at  Jacksonville  with  all  the  lines  of  Steamers  and  Rail- 
roads for  the  NORTH,  WEST,  and  NORTHWEST. 

THROUGH  BILLS  OF  LADING  GIVEN  TO  ALL  POINTS. 

The  Steamers  of  this  Line  are  first-class  in  every  respect,  the  Staterooms  being  supplied  with 
the  celebrated  Tucker  Hair  Spring  Mattresses. 

TABLE  UNSURPASSED. 

Each  Steamer  having  on  board  one  of  the  Chickering’s  Upright  Pianos,  with  all  the  other 
comforts  that  could  be  desired  by  the  Pleasure-seeker  and  the  Traveling  Public. 


DAYLIGHT  LINE 

FROM 

PALATKA  TO  SANFORD  AND  ENTERPRISE. 

One  of  the  new  and  elegant  side-wheel  saloon  steamers — ANITA  or  PASTIME — will  leave 
PALATKA  every  morning,  Monday  excepted,  for 

SANFORD,  ENTERPRISE  AND  ALL  INTERMEDIATE  LANDINGS. 

RETURNING — Leave  Enterprise  every  morning  for  Palatka  and  all  intermediate  landings, 
making  the  entire  distance  both  ways  by  daylight. 

W.  B.  WATSON,  I CHAS.  B.  FENWICK, 

Manager.  ' General  Freight  and  Passenger  Agent, 


XXXV 


dfe  . ■ = _ 

-ClREMONT  HOUSE, 


* JACKSONVILLE,  * FLORIDA.  * 
H.  D.  DODGE,  Proprietor. 


This  House  is  situated  CORNER  PINE  AND  FORSYTH  STREETS.  The  most  accessible  oi  any 
house  in  the  city.  It  has  just  been  enlarged  to  more  than  twice  its  former  capacity;  has  been  ex- 
pensively furnished;  Electric  Bells  added;  has  hot  and  cold  water  Bath-rooins,  and  rooms  with 
baths.  South  and  East  exposure,  and  over  tour  hundred  feet  of  Piazzas  for  promenading;  in 
short  has  all  modern  improvements,  and  the  cuisine  is  unexcelled  by  any  house  in  Florida,  The 
comforts  of  the  house  have  been  greatly  improved,  but  the  PRICES  REMAIN  THE  SAME. 

Special  Rates  by  the  month. 


ROOMS  MAY  BE  SECURED  BY  MAIL  OR  BY  TELEGRAPH. 


XXXVI 


THE 


j. 

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EG  MO  NT, 


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T T~  T ' -T--' =F”^F"->h— =F Tgo^¥0Ci 

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fo 


FERNANDINA,  FLORIDA. 


This  new,  elegantly  furnished  and  perfectly  appointed  Hotel  will  be  open,  as 
usual,  for  the  entertainment,  under  new  and  superior  management,  of  its  old  patrons 
and  the  general  traveling  public.  Its  plan  of  construction,  complete  and  perfect  ar- 
rangement, luxurious  furnishing,  eligible  situation,  the  number  and  variety  of  its 
modern  conveniences  and  appliances  for  the  comfort  and  amusement  of  its  guests, 
render  it  positively  unsurpassed  by  any  establishment  of  the  kind  in  the  South  for 
superior  and  attractive  accommodations.  Large  piazzas  front  the  first  and  second 
floors  around  the  entire  structure ; the  sunlight  has  access  to  every  room ; lighted 
by  gas  and  heated  by  steam  ; open  fires  of  coal  or  wood  ; hot  and  cold  baths  on  every 
floor ; oral  annunciators  in  every  room ; billiard  hall,  bowling  alley,  lawn  tennis 
court  and  other  amusements.  A beautiful  park  of  orange  and  palmetto  trees,  with 
fountains,  lawn  and  flower-beds,  is  kept  for  the  exclusive  use  of  guests.  Hunting, 
fishing,  boating,  sailing,  riding,  driving  and  excursions  by  water  to  Dungeness  and 
other  points  and  objects  of  interest  in  the  vicinity  are  among  the  amusements  offered. 
A first-class  livery  is  connected  with  the  house,  and  telegraph  and  telephone  station 
for  the  use  of  guests  can  be  found  in  the  Hotel  office. 

A perfect  Cuisine  is  among  the  indispensables  belonging  to  the  establishment. 

For  rooms,  terms,  etc.,  apply  by  mail  or  telegraph  in  advance  of  arrival  to 


FERNANDINA.  FLA. 


xxxvii 


WHITE  * SULPHUR  * SPRING. 


On  the  Suwannee  River,  twelve  miles  from  Lake  City  and  eight  from  Welborn,  is 
one  of  the  boldest  sulphur  springs  in  the  State  of  Florida,  and,  we  might  say  the 
finest  in  the  Southern  States.  It  is  in  the  thriving  little  village  of  White  Springs, 
which  is  just  now  fairly  springing  into  existence,  having  lain  dormant  for  many  years. 

The  present  owners,  Messrs.  Wight  & Powell,  of  Cairo,  Ga.,  purchased  the  prop- 
erty two  years  ago  and  since  that  time  the  village  has  been  built  up  to  four  times 
its  former  size. 

A new  hotel  of  sixty  rooms  has  just  been  completed  and  nicely  furnished,  which, 
together  with  the  old  one,  will  accommodate  two  hundred  guests.  The  dining-room 
will  seat  one  hundred  very  comfortably.  A large  livery  stable,  bowling-alley,  billiard 
and  public  hall  and  a beautifully  shaded  croquet  ground  are  connected  with  the  hotel. 
The  bath-house  is  a three-story  building-.  On  the  first  is  a bath  pool  twenty  by  thirty 
feet,  which  is  one  of  the  most  superb  plunge  baths  in  the  world  ; dressing  rooms  on 
the  second  floor,  and  offices  and  public  hall  on  the  third. 

The  spring  pours  forth  twenty  thousand  gallons  of  sulphur  water  per  minute. 
The  bath  pool  is  cut  from  the  solid  rock,  which  gives  it  a very  grand  appearance. 
The  water  is  of  an  even  temperature,  being  about  seventy-two  degrees  F.  both  sum- 
mer and  winter,  and  cures  Rheumatism,  Neuralgia,  Eruptions  of  the  Skin,  and  Skin 
Diseases  of  all  kinds,  Dyspepsia,  General  Debility  from  overwork  and  Nervous  Ex- 
haustion. It  quiets  Nervous  Irritation,  and  invalids  who  have  not  enjoyed  a good 
night’s  sleep  for  months,  invariably  sleep  well  after  commencing  the  bath.  It  cures 
Bladder  and  Kidney  Diseases,  and  is  a balm  for  all  female  complaints,  such  as  Ner- 
vous Exhaustion  and  Nervous  Debility,  Anemia  and  Spinal  Irritation.  These  heal- 
ing waters  have  only  to  be  tried  to  be  properly  appreciated,  as  thousands  are  ready 
to  testify. 

Hot  and  cold  Baths  can  be  had  at  the  Hotel.  Hot  Sulphur  Baths  are  working 
wonders  in  curing  and  relieving  the  afflicted. 

Much  of  the  surrounding  country  is  beautiful  and  fertile,  and  the  orange  and 
Le  Conte  pear  are  produced  to  perfection.  Sea  Island  cotton,  corn,  potatoes,  cane, 
and  a great  many  garden  vegetables,  are  among  its  products. 

The  climate  is  fine,  with  its  balmy  atmosphere,  the  locality  of  the  spring  being 
high  and  dry.  We  know  of  no  place  in  the  State  that  is  preferable  to  this  for  inva- 
lids and  pleasure-seekers. 

Mr.  C.  H.  Freeman,  the  present  manager,  having  had  many  years’ experience  will 
keep  the  House  in  a creditable  manner  throughout,  and  it  is  his  and  Mrs.  Freeman’s 
desire  to  make  White  Springs  Hotel  second  to  no  l’esort  in  the  South. 

There  is  also  a Chalybeate  Spring  in  the  neighborhood,  long  and  favorably  known 
for  its  curative  powers,  which  is  owned  by  Maj.  T.  F.  Wesson,  the  water  from  which 
is  kept  on  draught  at  Hotel. 

Correspondence  solicited  as  to  locality  and  price  of  lots  in  the  village  and  farm- 
ing lands  in  the  neighborhood,  by 


WIGHT  & POWELL,  WHITE  SPRINGS,  FLORIDA. 


XXXVlli 


* LAND  DEPARTMENT.  * 


Florida  Railway  and  Ravigalioh  Company. 

Col.  S.  I.  WAILES,  Land  Commissioner. 

.JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA. 

On  the  17tli  of  May,  1856,  the  Congress  of  the  United  States 
granted  to  the  State  of  Florida  (inter alia)  “to  aid  in  the  construction 
of  a railroad  from  Amelia  Island,  on  the  Atlantic,  to  the  waters  of 
Tampa  Bay,  with  a branch  to  Cedar  Key,  on  the  Gull  of  Mexico,”  a 
large  quantity  of  Government  lands  lying  along  the  projected  route,  I 
including  the  right  of  way  and  “every  alternate  section  of  land  des-  j 
ignated  by  odd  numbers  for  six  sections  in  width  on  each  side  of  said 
road  and  branch,  together  with  indemnity  for  lands  lost  to  the  grant  j 
within  said  limits  [by  entry  and  settlement  previous  to  the  grant  to 
be  taken  from  alternate  sections  within  fifteen  miles,  i.  e.,  between  six 
and  fifteen  miles  from  the  said  lines  as  they  should  be  definitely 
fixed.”  (U.  S.  Statutes,  Yol.  XI,  p.  15;  Decision  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  January  30th,  1881 ; Opinion  of  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  Baldwin  vs.  Railroad  Company,  13  Otto,  p.  156.) 


XXX IX 


Maps  and  surveys  of  the  projected  line  were  filed,  and  the  lands 
[withdrawn  from  entry  and  sale,  in  1857. 

The  State  of  Florida,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of  January  5th, 
1855,  Section  28,  granted  the  right  of  way  over  State  lands. 

The  lands  accruing  to  that  portion  of  the  road  first  constructed, 
now  known  as  the  Central  Division,  and  extending  from  Fernandinato 
Cedar  Key,  amounting  to  about  six  hundred  thousand  acres,  were  first 
selected,  and  The  Florida  Land  and  Immigration  Company  was  organ- 
ized to  effect  their  sale  and  settlement.  The  lands  accruing  later  to 
that  part  of  the  road  now  known  as  the  Southern  Division,  extending 
from  Waldo  to  the  Withlacoochee  River,  a distance  of  about  one  hun- 
dred miles,  now  completed,  and  the  portion  beyond  that  river  to  Tampa 
and  Charlotte  Harbor  now  in  course  of  construction,  amount  to  about 
as  much  more,  and  are  now  being  offered  for  sale  and  settlement  by 
the  Land  Commissioner,  as  the  work  of  construction  progresses,  in 
tracts  of  forty  acres  and  upwards,  at  low  prices,  according  to  the  terms 
of  the  grant,  for  twenty  miles  in  advance  of  actual  construction. 

These  lands  comprise  some  of  the  finest  in  the  State,  including 
all  classes  of  lands  and  every  variety  of  soil,  from  ordinary  pine  lands 
to  first-class  high  hammock.  They  are  being  rapidly  taken  up,  and 
the  extension  of  the  Line  southward  is  enhancing  then*  value  daily. 
They  have  been  selected  and  platted  by  some  of  the  best  and  most  ex- 
perienced land  experts  in  the  State,  and  are  offered  at  prices  which  are 
calculated  to  meet  the  -wants,  means  and  views  of  every  individual ; 
from  the  cattle  grower,  who  must  have  large  tracts  of  the  best  pastur- 
age, to  the  small  fruit  grower  and  truck  farmer,  whose  best  possession 
is  “a little,  farm  well  tilled.” 

All  particulars  relating  to  these  lands,  with  maps,  plats,  prices  and 
detailed  information,  can  be  procured  by  applying  to  the  Land  Com- 
missioner as  above. 


xl 


THE 


CUMBERLAND  RODTE  RE-OPENED. 


_ *p5)- ... _ , 

'■HIS  OLD  AND  DESERVEDLY  POPULAR  ROUTE  completes  the  link  between  Brunswick  and 
4-  Fernandina.  Daily  connections  between  the  E.  T.  V.  & G.  System  at  the  former  point,  and 
jjj^  the  Key  Line  (F.  R.  & N.)  at  the  latter.  For  passengers  from  all  points,  East,  North  and  West 
■S'  to  Florida,  or  vice  versa.  This  route  derives  its  name  from  the  fact  that  it  passes  for  some 
twenty  miles  along  the  shores  of  beautiful  Cumberland  Island,  through  the  channel  between 
that  Island  and  the  Coast  proper,  thus  avoiding  the  rough  and  dangerous  waters  of  the  open  sea. 
On  this  historic  Island  is  located  the  old  “ Nightingale  Place,”  where  reposes  the  dust  of  “ Light 
Horse  Harry  ” Lee,  of  Revolutionary  fame.  It  was  also  the  home  of  Gen.  Nathaniel  Greene.  This 
Island  is  now  the  property  of  Mr.  Carnegie,  and  here  he  has  erected  one  of  the  most  magnificent 
of  modern  residences,  which  can  be  seen  in  passing. 


S.  C.  LITTLEFIELD,  General  Manager. 


At  Fernandina  connections  are  made  with  trains  of  the 

FLORIDA  RAILWAY  AND  NAVIGATION  COMPANY’S  LINES. 

extending  Southward  into  the  extreme  peninsula;  Southeastward  into  and  through  the  Great 
Orange  Belt,  and  Westward  to  and  through  the  Suwannee  river  Peach  and  Lumber  and  Turpen- 
tine region,  through  Middle  Florida,  the  magnificent  and  fertile  Hill  Country,  through  West 
Florida  and  onward  to 

PENSACOLA  AND  NEW  ORLEANS. 

WALTER  G.  COLEMAN,  A,  0.  MacDONELL, 

Gen.  Trav.  Pass.  Agt.,  Gen.  Pass,  k Ticket  Agt., 

Cor.  Bay  & Hogan  Sts.,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 


Fernandina,  Florida. 


xli 


GEO.  F.  DREW  & CO., 

JACKSONVILLE:,  FLA, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in 


HARDWARE 


MIXED  PAINTS 

OILS  AND  GLASS. 


MILL  & STEAMBOAT  SUPPLIES. 

OU  E SPECIALTIES  ABE 

Wadsworth,  Martinez  & Longman’s  Perfectly  Pure  Paints.  Disston’s  Saws  and  Mandrels, 
Howe’s  Scales,  Herring's  Fire  and  Burglar-proof  Safes,  Giant  Rubber  Belt,  Buckthorn  Barbed 
Wire,  Crown  Jewel  Vapor  Stoves,  etc.,  etc. 

We  carry  a large  stock  of  goods,  and  pay  prompt  attention  to  all  orders.  Have  also  an  ex- 
tensive PLUMBING  AND  TIN  SHOP  connected  with  our  store. 

WE  SOLICIT  ORDERS  AND  CORRESPONDENCE. — - 


INDUSTRIAL  MACHINE 

WORKS, 

JACKSONVILLE,  - - - FLORIDA. 


FOUNDRY  * AND  * MACHINE  * SHOPSh 


Repairing  and  manufacture  of  new  and  special  machinery  done  promptly  and 
in  first-clas,s  manner. 


ENGINES,  BOILERS,  SAW-MILLS,  PLANING-MILL  OUTFITS,  STEAM  PUMPS, 


IRRIGATING  OUTFITS  and  Machinery  of  every  description 
furnis.hed  at  very  lowest  prices.  We  possess  a thoroughly  prac- 
tical knowledge  of  our  business. 

EX-GOVERNOR  GEO.  E.  DREW,  so  long  Identified  with  the 
saw-mill  interest  of  this  State,  is  President  of  our  Company. 

Write  us  for  circulars  and  prices. 

—SAMPLE  ROOM  AT 

54  & 56  WEST  BAY  STREET. 


xlii 


TO  ALL  WINTER  RESORTS. 




WAYCROSS  SHORT  LINE, 


A STEEL  BAIL  TRUNK  LINE  TO  FLORIDA  AND  SOUTHERN  GEORGIA. 

5 Fast  Express  Passenger  Trains  to  Jacksonville  Daily. 

This  is  the  line  selected  by  the  U.  S.  Government  to  carry  the  Fast  Mail  between  Wash- 
ington and  Jacksonville,  and  between  Washington  and  New  Orleans.  The  Finest 


PULLMAN  BUFFET  SLEEPING  CARS 


Ever  placed  in  service  upon  any  line,  are  run  daily  between  Washington  and  Jackson- 
ville, and  New  Orleans  and  Jacksonville. 

PULLMAN  PALACE  CARS 


Daily  between  Cincinnati  and  .Jacksonville,  and  Louisville  and  Jacksonville,  only  via 
the  Waycross  Short  Line. 


WM.  HUGHES, 

Northwestern  Pass.  Agent, 

CHICAGO. 


MARION  KNOWLES, 

Southwestern  Pass.  Agent, 

102  CANAL  STREET,  NEW  ORLEANS. 


JAS.  L.  TAYLOR. 


H.  C.  HARDEN, 

Eastern  Pass.  Agent,  261  Broadway,  N.  T. 


General  Passenger  Agent. 


xliii 


^GRAND  VIEW,i€ 


FORSYTH,  BETWEEN  BRIDGE  AND  CLAY  STREETS, 


-^JACKSONVILLE,  FLA. 

.'Sii  Jfe  


Enlarged  and  Newly  Furnished.  Electric  Lights  and  Bells,  Gas,  Bath-rooms,  Hot 
and  Cold  Water,  in  tact,  all  the  comforts  to  be  had  at  any  First- 
Class  Hotel  at  a much  lower  price. 

THEhouseis  centrally  located,  two  and  a half  blocks  from  Waycross.  and  Jacksonville,  Tampa 
and  Key  West  Railways,  and  People’s  Line  of  steamers,  and  three  blocks  from  Florida  Railway 
and  Navigation  Co’s  Depot,  and  Up  River  Steamboat  Landings,  on  a high,  dry  and  perfectly  healthy 
site,  commanding  an  extended  and  charming  view  of  the  magnificent  St.  John’s,  unequaled  by 
any  house  In  the  city. 

The  “GRAND  VIEW  ” is,  in  fact,  the  paradise  of  the  tourist.  No  expense  or  pains  have  been 
spared  in  building,  fitting  and  furnishing  this  gem  of  a house,  and  the  weary  traveler  on  reaching 
it  experiences  the  sensation,  so  sweet  to  us  all.  HOME  AT  LAST.  This  feeling  is  verified  on  re  - 
pairing to  the  dining-hall,  where  he  finds  meals  served  from  the  choicestviands,  shipped  from  the 
North  and  cooked  by  one  of  the  most  celebrated  of  the  White  Mountain  knights  of  the  gridiron. 

A Choice  stock  of  cows  are  kept  to  supply  the  house  with  milk. 

Prices  from  S2.00  to  S3. 00  per  day,  according  to  location  of  rooms.  Special  rates  by  the  week 
and  month.  Rooms  may  be  secured  in  advance  by  mail  or  telegraph. 

G.  W.  SMITH,  Proprietor. 

D.  S.  PLTJMEB,  Clerk. 


S.  MAYER  Si  GLAUBER 

EXCLUSIVE  WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 


SEGARS,  TOBACCO,  AND  LIQUORS  A SPECIALTY. 


SI  WRITE  US  FOR  QUOTATIONS.  

BRUNSWICK,  GA.  fc"i>  ALBANY,  GA. 


xliv 


<1THE  PANASOFKEE  COUNTRY.  C~ 


No  brighter  prospect  of  future  wealth  and  prosperity  awaits  any 
section  of  Florida  than  is  manifestly  in  store  for  that  newly-developed 
and  beautiful  region  now  becoming  so  widely  known  as  “The  Panasofkee 
Country.” 

Lying  almost  in  the  heart  of  the  peninsula,  on  the  western  slope 
of  the  ridge  of  high  pine  lands  which  extends  centrally  throughout 
the  length  of  Sumter  county  from  north  to  south ; bounded  on  the 
west  by  the  waters  of  the  picturesque  Withlacoochee  river,  Avhich  also 
forms  the  western  boundary  of  Sumter  ; extending  from  the  northern 
boundary  line  of  Sumter  to  where  a small  tributary  of  the  Withlacoo- 
chee, flowing  in  a westerly  direction  from  its  source  in  the  interior  of 
Sumter  and  debouching  into  the  larger  stream  near  Pemberton’s 
Ferry,  forms  the  northern  boundary  of  that  eastern  portion  of  Her- 
nando county  which  extends  beyond  the  Withlacoochee  to  the  Merid- 
ian Line  ; comprising  a tract  of  country  some  eighteen  miles  in  width 
and  twenty-five  miles  long,  plentifully  watered  by  the  Withlacoochee 
and  Panasofkee  Lake  and  their  numberless  tributaries — fed  by  peren- 
nial springs —whose  banks  are  lined  for  miles  with  dense  forests  of 
cypress,  live-oak,  water -oak  and  other  liard-wood  trees  of  almost  mi- 
raculously immense  size — this  favored  region  comprises  attractions 
and  advantages  more  varied  and  desirable,  perhaps,  than  are  to  be 
found  in  combination  in  any  other  portion  of  the  State. 

Its  very  name  bears  testimony  to  the  phenomenal  productiveness 
of  its  soil.  The  aborigines,  whose  habit  was  to  bestow  upon  natural 
■objects  and  localities  the  most  expressive  and  unmistakeably  appro- 
priate descriptive  names,  called  this  rich  region  “Panasofkee,” — “The 
Place  of  Plentiful  Corn!  ” 

But  a few  years  since  this  whole  country  was  comparatively  a 
wilderness,  sparsely  peopled  by  a few  wise  and  enterprising  pioneer 
settlers,  whose  magnificent  bearing  orange  groves  are  now  the  pride 
of  the  entire  population,  old  and  new,  the  wonder  and  amazement  of 
strangers,  and  the  most  powerful  and  convincing  evidences  of  the  mar- 
velous productiveness  and  richness  of  the  soil  and  its  peculiar  adap- 
tability to  orange  culture  ; now  the  whole  country  is  teeming  with 
restless,  busy  life,  enterprise  and  progress.  This  transformation  has 
been  accomplished  b}r  the  construction  of  the  track  of  the  Florida 
Bailway  and  Navigation  Company  directly  through  the  centre  of  its 
best  and  richest  portion. 

Among  the  dozens  of  new  and  vigorous  young  towns  which  have 
sprung  up  like  magic  all  along  the  route  of  the  railroad  is 

WILDWOOD. 

Wildwood  is  situated  in  the  “ piney-woods,”  one  hundred  and  six- 
ty miles  from  Fernandina  and  about  seventy-five  miles  from  Tampa, 
with  the  Atlantic  about  sixty  miles  to  the  east  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
forty  miles  distant  on  the  west.  There  are  a dozen  or  more  stores  in 


xlv 


the  place,  two  saw-mills  and  three  hotels.  Methodists,  Baptists  and 
Presbyterians  have  regular  services,  and  there  are  ample  school  facil- 
ities. The  surrounding  country  is  healthy  and  the  soil  productive 
and  easily  worked. 

Another  of  the  new  towns  is 

PANASOFKEE, 

situated  at  the  southern  point  of  Lake  Panasofkee,  from  which  lake 
it  takes  its  name,  and  just  two  miles  from,  and  the  nearest  railroad 
point  to  Sumterville,  the  county  site  of  Sumter  county.  The  town 
was  laid  out  in  1883  upon  land  owned  by  D.  R.  Townes,  and  is  now 
about  one  year  old.  It  is  surrounded  by  a fine  section  of  good  pine 
lands,  fertile  hammocks,  beautiful  lakes  and  navigable  streams.  The 
country  around  it  is  rapidly  developing,  and  many  fine  farms  and 
bearing  groves  are  already  sending  their  produce  to  market.  The 
town  is  connected  by  rail  (the  main  line  of  the  Florida  Railway  and 
Navigation  Company’s  road  being  completed  to  this  point)  with  Fer- 
nandma  and  Cedar  Key  direct,  and  by  steamer  with  the  country  along 
the  lake  and  up  the  Witlilacoochee  river,  steamers  connecting  at  this 
point  with  trains  upon  the  railroad.  The  town  has  now  about  200  in- 
habitants and  is  rapidly  increasing  in  population.  It  has  a public 
park  containing  two  acres,  three  general  merchandise  stores,  a drug 
store,  a good  hotel,  livery  stables,  post-office,  express  office,  telegraph 
office,  saw-mill,  real  estate  office,  insurance  office,  and  a live  news- 
paper. A lot  has  been  donated  for  a church  and  the  building  will  be 
erected  soon;  a good  school,  free  to  all,  is  kept  up  during  six  months 
of  the  year. 

About  three  miles  north  of  “Little  Withlacoocb.ee”  river,  the 
track  of  the  Florida  Railway  and  Navigation  Company’s  railroad 
crosses  that  of  the  Elorida  Southern,  and  again  crosses  it  some  four 
miles  south  of  “Big  Witlilacoochee”  river,  thus  giving  to  the 
people  of  this  region  the  most  ample  transportation  facilities.  These 
advantages  have  already  attracted  many  new  settlers,  and  others  are 
eagerly  securing  the  choicest  lands  and  locations.  The  new  road  now 
extends  to  the  bend  of  the  Witlilacoochee,  fifteen  miles  from  Panasof- 
kee, and  is  being  rapidly  constructed  onwards  to  Tampa  and  Charlotte 
Harbor.  On  each  side  of  the  line,  within  fifteen  miles  thereof,  lie  the 
vast  bodies  of  valuable  lands  belonging  to  the  Company  and  now  be- 
ing offered  for  sale.  On  the  26tli  of  November  last,  and  for  days 
thereafter,  a crowd  of  from  four  to  five  hundred  people,  eager  to  buy, 
surrounded  the  special  car  occupied  by  the  Land  Commissioner  and 
his  assistants,  which  stood  on  a side-track  several  miles  below  Pana- 
sofkee for  the  convenience  of  purchasers ; thus  demonstrating  the  ex- 
istence of  the  superior  attractions  offered,  through  the  purchase  of 
these  lands,  to  settlers  in  The  Panasofkee  Country. 

For  all  information  in  detail,  apply  to 

S.  I.  IAILES,  Land  Commissioner,  JACKSONVILLE,  FLA. 


RUSSELL  HOUSE,  »es§»- 

KEY  WEST,  MONROE  COUNTY,  FLORIDA. 

A Delightful  Winter  Resort,  and  the  only  city  In  the  United  States  below  the  Frost  Line  with  an 
Average  Temperature  of  70  degrees.  TERMS  MODERATE.  HUNTING,  BOATING,  FISHING 
AND  FINE  DRIVES.  Reached  by  Steamer  direct  from  New  York,  and  New  Orleans,  or 
by  Cars  and  Steamer  from  Tampa,  Fla.,  every  Tuesday,  Friday  and  Saturday 
P.  M.,  on  arrival  of  trains  of  South  Florida  Railroad. 

CHAS.  T.  MERRILL,  Manager. 


-3*  ST.  MARKS  HOTEL, 

(OPPOSITE  POST  OFFICE,) 

JACKSONVILLE,  FLORIDA. 

' - 

Centrally  located , convenient  to  all  the  St.  John's  River  Boats. 


Take  'Bus  Carriage  or  Street  Car,  at  Depot,  direct  for  Hotel.  :- 

RATE,  $2.00  TO  $3.00  PER  DAY. 


j^AKE  REGION  REAL  ESTATE  AGENCY. 
Bearing  and  Non-bearing  Groves;  Lake  Fronts; 
Residences  and  Town  Lots;  Improved  and  Un- 
improved Lands. 

J.  NAT.  MOORE,  LEESBURG,  FLA. 

jy^AGNOLIA  HOUSE,  OCALA.  FLA.  One  block 
from  Public  Square.  Mbs.  Cody  & Mbs.  Ander- 
son, Proprietors. 

'J'HE  WESTERVELT  HOUSE,  SILVER  SPRING, 
Fla.  Accommodations  second  to  none.  Boat9 
for  Guests.  Good  Fishing;  Good  Hunting. 

Every  attention  paid  to  guests  by  polite  at- 
tendants. 


cpHE  GULF  HAMMOCK  HOUSE,  OTTER  CREEK, 
Florida.  The  leading  resort  for  Sportsmen  on 
the  Gulf  Coast.  /jQpSee  large  advertisement  on 
another  page. 


yyiTHLACOOCHEE  HOUSE,  WILDWOOD, 
Sumter  Co.,  I.  E.  Barwick,  Proprietor.  In  the 
Midst  of  the  Pines.  The  Best  Fare;  the  Nicest 
Rooms ; the  Lowest  Rates. 


O QOSTROM’S”  Double  Verandahed  House, 
O facing  the  broad  Halifax.  Boats,  shady 
croquet  grounds  and  abundance  of  fruit,  a 
beautiful  shell  walk  along  the  high  river  bank 
shaded  by  giant  live  naks:  and  a 10  minutes’ 
walk  to  the  Ocean  Beach.  $10  per  week. 

J.  A.  BOSTROM,  Ormond-on-the-Halifax,  Volusia 
County,  Florida. 


JACKSONVILLE  TRANSFER  COMPANY. 


Messengers  on  all  Incoming  trains.  Passengers  by  giving  their  checks  to  messenger  insure 
safe  and  prompt  delivery  to  any  point  in  the  city,  as  this  Company  is  under  bonds  to  all  the  rail- 
roads for  such  delivery. 


Lj.  hartridse,  proprietor. 


H.  «-  S.  * DUVAL.— > 


CIVIL  ENGINEER 


SURVEYOR,! 


(STATE  ENGINEER,) 

Address  Care  FLORIDA  IMMIGRANT,  TALLAHASSEE,  FLORIDA. 
Intricate  and  disputed  surveys,  corners,  lines,  etc.,  examined,  re-located  and  re-surveyed, 
aided  by  a working  experience  in  Florida,  of  twenty-six  years. 


xlvii 


<IGEO.  B.  FORRESTER,^ 

i6g  FRONT  ST.,  NEW  YORK, 

MANUFACTURES 

a- 


| CHEMIGAL  MANURES  | 

FOR 

O GANGES,  PINE  APPLES,  SEMI-TROPICAL  AND 
TROPICAL  FRUITS,  AND  FOB  VEGETABLES. 
prepared  Separately  for  each. 


OTALLAHASSEEI>> 


TRANSFER  COMPANY 


SEND  FOR  CIRCULAR. 


All  baggage  destined  for  Tallahassee  re- 
checked on  trains  by  messengers,  and  de- 
livered promptly  to  any  part  of  the  city. 


xlviii 


JOHN  G.  SINCLAIR. 


N.  L.  MILLS. 


SINCLAIR’S 


. CA 


REAL  ESTATE  AGENGY 


Opposite  Charleston  and  Magnolia  Hotels, 


ORLANDO, 


ORANGE  COUNTY. 


Has  for  sale  some  of  the  finest  Orange  Groves  and  improved  and  unimproved  Real  Estate 
in  South  Florida,  directly  on  the  line  of  the  South  Florida  Railroad:  also  Mills,  Hotels  and 
beautiful  Lake  Fronts,  together  with  some  of  the  best  buildings  and  building  lots  in  the  thriving 
town  of  Orlando ; also  at  Longwood,  Maitland,  IVillcox,  Fort  Gatlin  and  Kissimmee.  It  also  makes 
loans  and  investments.  The  success  of  this  Agency  is  beyond  that  of  any  other  in  this  section, 
either  in  amount  of  sales  made  or  satisfaction  given.  For  prices  and  full  descriptive  list  of 
$1,000,000  worth  of  Real  Estate  for  sale  by  this  Agency,  apply  by  letter  or  in  person.  Correspon- 
dents may  expect  immediate  attention  to  their  communications. 


xlix 


js  HOTEL  * LIST.  & 


CENTRAL  DIVISION. 


PLACE. 

Name. 

Proprietor. 

0> 

Capacity. 

Daily  Bate. 

Weekly  Bate. 

150 

SI.  00 

87.50  to  S3. 00 
$2.00 

Special. 

Special. 

$10.00 

75 

Miss  L.  0.  Thompson.. 

11 

20 

12 

It 

Boarding-house 

Boarding-house.. . . 
Boarding-house... 
Boarding-house 

it 

ft 

ii 

Furnished 

Booms. 

Boarding-liouse.. . 

20 

15 

it 

Boarding-house.. . . 
Boarding-house.. . . 

Mrs.  Yon  Kirn 

5 

ft 

8 

tl 

Boarding-house 

(, 

,, 

Arlington  Hotel  . . 

C.  H.  Webber 

12 

SI. 50  to  $2.00 

$7.00  to  $10.00 

it 

20 

20 

Boarding-house 





Boarding-house.  . . 

Boarding-house 

Boarding-house 

Boarding-house 



B.  M.  Smith 

Boarding-house 

Boarding-house 

Boarding-house... . 



Gulf  Hammock. . . 

G.  H.  Hotel 

Boarding-house  . . . 
Boarding-house 

G H Hotel  Co 

20 

$2.50  to  S3. 00 

312.50  to  $15.00 

Cedar  Key 

The  Suwanee 

Gull  House. . . . 

Willard  & Mcllvaine.. 

o o 
co  >o 

32.50  to  S3. 00 

$15.00  to  $20.00 

Magnolia  House. . . 



Boarding-house... . 

Boarding-house 

Boarding-house 

Boarding-house 

Boarding-house 

Isola  Bella, ] 

(Down  the  Coast)  f 

Alfred  P.  Jones 

18 

S2.00  to  33.00 

$10.00  to  $12  00 

SOUTHERN  DIVISION. 


Boarding-house... . 

Boarding-house 

Boarding-house 

E E.  Leavitt 

(< 

S.  J.  Tyner 

«< 

Dr.  C.  A.  Simmons 

Orange  Lake(Citra) 

Boarding-house 

Anthony  House 

Westervelt  House. 

Boarding-house 

Boarding-house 

Mrs.  E.  White 

40 

14 

$2.50 

$2.50 

$9.00  to  $12.00 
Special. 

Special. 

Special. 

ft 

J.  E.  Webb 

400 
. 30.. 

$4.00 

$2.00  to  $3.00 

Magnolia  House. . . 
Allred  House  .. 
Colonnade  House. 
Peninsular  House. 
Whitfield  House. . . 

Mrs.  Cody  & Anderson 

( « 

<< 

Boarding-house 

Boarding-house 

Boarding-house 

tc 

el 

Boarding-house  . . . 
Withlacoochee  Ho. 
Georgia  House  ... 

50 

>2.00  to  $3.00 
$1.50 

$12  00 
$7.00 

40 

LEESBURG  BRANCH. 


40 

$1.30  to  $3.00 

$7.00  to  $10.00 

et 

if 



(( 

,t 

Gibbons  House 

Boarding-house . . . 
Boarding-house . . . 

(e 

Mrs.  Hull 

Whitehall  House. . 

..  . i ....! 

WESTERN  DIVISION. 


Chattahoochee  L’g 

Chattahoochee 

Quincy 

Riverside  Hotel . . . 

Boarding-house 

Quincy  House 

H.  H.  Spear 

12 

20 

$1.50 

$2.00 

$7  00 
$10.00 

Tallahassee 

The  Leon 

J.  M.  Lee  

200 

$4.00 

Special. 

The  Morgan 

Geo.  C.  Morgan 

150 

$4.00 

Special. 

(( 

The  St.  James.  .. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lamb... 

50 

$2.50  to  $3.00 

Special. 

<( 

Whitaker  House. . . 

Mrs.  S.  B.  Hopkins 

20 

$2.00  to  $3.00 

Special. 

« 

Boarding-house.. . . 

Mrs.  W.  M.  McIntosh 

30 

$1.50 

$10.00 

,, 

::::: 



(( 

T.  L.  De  Milly 

Whitfield  House... 

Mrs.  L W Whitfield. 

25 

$2.00 

$7.00 

Monticello 

Partridge  House. . . 

B.  W Partridge 

8 

o 

o 

Cl 

$8.00 

Mrs.  Williams 

Mrs.  Scott 



ATT 

150 

Mrs  Thomas  

Mrs.  Parramore 



Live  UaK 

Mrs.  Branan 

J.  M.  Wilson 

30 

$2  00  to  $2.50 

$10.00  to  $15.00 

LaKe  • 



Miss.  T.  M.  Tilton. . . . 

20 

$1.50 

$8.00  to  $12.00 

Hotel  McClenny 

Sam.  H.  Smith  

65 

$2.50  to  $3.00 

$10.00  to  $14.00 

J.  M.  Lee 

300 

$4.00 

Special. 

200 

$4.00 

Special. 

Fred.  E.  Foster 

125 

$2.50  to  $3.50 

Special. 

S.  M.  Hall 

75 

$2.50  to  $3.00 

Special. 

Tremont  House 

Dr.  H.  DeW.  Dodge 

so 

$3.00  to  $4.00 

Special. 

F.  Bettelini. 

50 

European 

Plan. 

Grand  View  Hotel. 

G.  W.  Smith 

1 

Graduate  Student 
Charge 

Duke  University 

t-* T iKrarv 


